Disable helpful macOS remappings if kitty disambiguate flag is set

(Originally reported at https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell/issues/11004)

Commit 5bb2c62f (config: revert cmd/alt+left/right to legacy encoding
on macOS by default, 2024-12-24) translates keys like alt-left to alt-b
on macOS.  That behavior is part of the default Terminal.app and allows
alt-left to do something reasonable on the default macOS shell (zsh).

Other applications want to disambiguate alt-left from alt-b. Ror
example, fish maps them to different commands.

fish requests the kitty keyboard protocol,
specifically the [disambiguate flag
(0b1)](https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/#disambiguate-escape-codes).

I don't know if the protocol adjudicates this specific question but I
think the disambiguate flag is a good signal that helpful remappings
are not desired. Let's ignore these bindings while disambiguate is set.
In future we could try to find a better criteria.

To test, it should be enough to run (in bash or zsh)

	printf '\x1b[=1u'

and check if the keys change accordingly.

Unfortunately I can't get XCode to run on my Mac right now,
but I was able to test the change by applying the 
"Natural text editing" keybinds on Linux.

Here's me typing the affected keys into
"ghostty -e fish_key_reader -V",
before and after.
Looks good, except that fish does not support the super modifier yet.

super-left

	# decoded from: \x01
	bind ctrl-a 'do something'
	# decoded from: \e\[1\;9D
	bind left 'do something'

super-right

	# decoded from: \x05
	bind ctrl-e 'do something'
	# decoded from: \e\[1\;9C
	bind right 'do something'

super-backspace

	# decoded from: \e\x15
	bind ctrl-alt-u 'do something'
	# decoded from: \e\[127\;9u
	bind backspace 'do something'

alt-left

	# decoded from: \eb
	bind alt-b 'do something'
	# decoded from: \e\[1\;3D
	bind alt-left 'do something'

alt-right

	# decoded from: \ef
	bind alt-f 'do something'
	# decoded from: \e\[1\;3C
	bind alt-right 'do something'

src/Surface.zig

@@ -1833,6 +1833,22 @@ pub fn keyCallback(
     return .consumed;
 }
 
+pub fn isBindingMaskedByKittyDisambiguate(
+    self: *Surface,
+    action: input.Binding.Action,
+) bool {
+    switch (action) {
+        .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate,
+        .text_unless_kitty_disambiguate => {
+            if (self.io.terminal.screen.kitty_keyboard.current().disambiguate) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        },
+        else => {},
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 /// Maybe handles a binding for a given event and if so returns the effect.
 /// Returns null if the event is not handled in any way and processing should
 /// continue.
@@ -1916,6 +1932,10 @@ fn maybeHandleBinding(
     };
     const action = leaf.action;
 
+    if (self.isBindingMaskedByKittyDisambiguate(action)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
     // consumed determines if the input is consumed or if we continue
     // encoding the key (if we have a key to encode).
     const consumed = consumed: {
@@ -3826,14 +3846,14 @@ pub fn performBindingAction(self: *Surface, action: input.Binding.Action) !bool
     }
 
     switch (action.scoped(.surface).?) {
-        .csi, .esc => |data| {
+        .csi, .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate => |data| {
             // We need to send the CSI/ESC sequence as a single write request.
             // If you split it across two then the shell can interpret it
             // as two literals.
             var buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
             const full_data = switch (action) {
                 .csi => try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "\x1b[{s}", .{data}),
-                .esc => try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "\x1b{s}", .{data}),
+                .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate => try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "\x1b{s}", .{data}),
                 else => unreachable,
             };
             self.io.queueMessage(try termio.Message.writeReq(
@@ -3851,7 +3871,7 @@ pub fn performBindingAction(self: *Surface, action: input.Binding.Action) !bool
             }
         },
 
-        .text => |data| {
+        .text_unless_kitty_disambiguate => |data| {
             // For text we always allocate just because its easier to
             // handle all cases that way.
             const buf = try self.alloc.alloc(u8, data.len);

src/apprt/embedded.zig

@@ -1825,6 +1825,10 @@ pub const CAPI = struct {
             return false;
         };
 
+	if (ptr.isBindingMaskedByKittyDisambiguate(action)) {
+	    return false;
+	}
+
         _ = ptr.core_surface.performBindingAction(action) catch |err| {
             log.err("error performing binding action action={} err={}", .{ action, err });
             return false;

src/config/Config.zig

@@ -2715,27 +2715,27 @@ pub fn default(alloc_gpa: Allocator) Allocator.Error!Config {
         try result.keybind.set.put(
             alloc,
             .{ .key = .{ .translated = .right }, .mods = .{ .super = true } },
-            .{ .text = "\\x05" },
+            .{ .text_unless_kitty_disambiguate = "\\x05" },
         );
         try result.keybind.set.put(
             alloc,
             .{ .key = .{ .translated = .left }, .mods = .{ .super = true } },
-            .{ .text = "\\x01" },
+            .{ .text_unless_kitty_disambiguate = "\\x01" },
         );
         try result.keybind.set.put(
             alloc,
             .{ .key = .{ .translated = .backspace }, .mods = .{ .super = true } },
-            .{ .esc = "\x15" },
+            .{ .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate = "\x15" },
         );
         try result.keybind.set.put(
             alloc,
             .{ .key = .{ .translated = .left }, .mods = .{ .alt = true } },
-            .{ .esc = "b" },
+            .{ .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate = "b" },
         );
         try result.keybind.set.put(
             alloc,
             .{ .key = .{ .translated = .right }, .mods = .{ .alt = true } },
-            .{ .esc = "f" },
+            .{ .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate = "f" },
         );
     }
 

src/input/Binding.zig

@@ -233,13 +233,14 @@ pub const Action = union(enum) {
     /// CSI header (`ESC [` or `\x1b[`).
     csi: []const u8,
 
-    /// Send an `ESC` sequence.
-    esc: []const u8,
+    /// Unless kitty disambiguate is active, send an `ESC` sequence.
+    esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate: []const u8,
 
-    // Send the given text. Uses Zig string literal syntax. This is currently
-    // not validated. If the text is invalid (i.e. contains an invalid escape
-    // sequence), the error will currently only show up in logs.
-    text: []const u8,
+    // Unless kitty disambiguate is active, send the given text. Uses Zig
+    // string literal syntax. This is currently not validated. If the text
+    // is invalid (i.e. contains an invalid escape sequence), the error will
+    // currently only show up in logs.
+    text_unless_kitty_disambiguate: []const u8,
 
     /// Send data to the pty depending on whether cursor key mode is enabled
     /// (`application`) or disabled (`normal`).
@@ -702,8 +703,8 @@ pub const Action = union(enum) {
 
             // Obviously surface actions.
             .csi,
-            .esc,
-            .text,
+            .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate,
+            .text_unless_kitty_disambiguate,
             .cursor_key,
             .reset,
             .copy_to_clipboard,
@@ -1897,8 +1898,8 @@ test "parse: action with string" {
     // parameter
     {
         const binding = try parseSingle("a=esc:A");
-        try testing.expect(binding.action == .esc);
-        try testing.expectEqualStrings("A", binding.action.esc);
+        try testing.expect(binding.action == .esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate);
+        try testing.expectEqualStrings("A", binding.action.esc_unless_kitty_disambiguate);
     }
 }