Sync modern-cpp.pdf and html files

Fixes #186

README.md

@@ -1,241 +1,342 @@
 # Modern C++ Programming
 
+<p align="center">
 <img src="other/cpp_logo.png" />
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/releases" alt="Release">
+        <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge"/>
+    </a>
+</p>
 
-## C++11 / C++14 / C++17 / (C++20)
+<p align="center">
+    <a alt="Stars">
+        <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge"/>
+    </a>
+    <a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/network/members" alt="Forks">
+        <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/forks/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge"/>
+    </a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/commits/master" alt="Commits">
+        <img src="https://badgen.net/github/commits/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge&scale=1.2"/>
+    </a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <a href="https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming-Material/issues" alt="Issues">
+        <img src="https://badgen.net/github/closed-issues/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=for-the-badge&scale=1.2"/>
+    </a>
+</p>
+
+## C++03 / C++11  /  C++14  /  C++17  / C++20 / C++23 / C++26
 
 This *open-access* course is directed at those who are already familiar with C and object-oriented programming towards a proficiency level of C++ programming. The course covers the basics of C++ programming and moves on to advanced C++ semantics and concepts.
 
 **Key features**:
 
 - *Free and frequently updated*
+- *26 lectures, 1800+ slides*
 - Include the *last language standard* concepts and features
-- *Practical teaching*: small structured descriptions associated to code
+- *Practical teaching*: non-verbose, short structured descriptions associated with code
 - *Minimal code examples* for showing just a specific feature or issue without digressing
 - *Complementary language aspects*: tools, coding conventions, project organization, and code optimization
 - *Experience-based*: many aspects, examples, and problems come from real-world cases faced during my work as software engineer
 
-If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
+*If you enjoy the course or you find it useful*, please add a **Star**
 
  [![stars - Modern-CPP-Programming](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming?style=social)](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming)
 
 ## CHAPTERS
 
-|        | TITLE                                                                                                                                                 | MAIN FOCUS                                                              |
-| ------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| **1**  | **[Introduction](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/01.Introduction.pdf)**                                         | History of C/C++, Areas of Applications, Course introduction            |
-| **2**  | **[Basic Concepts I - Fundamental Types](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/02.Basic_Concepts_I.pdf)**             | Integral data types, floating-point, operators, and conversion          |
-| **3**  | **[Basic Concepts II - Entities and Control Flow](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/03.Basic_Concepts_II.pdf)**   | Enumerators, structures, control flow statements                        |
-| **4**  | **[Basic Concepts III - Memory Management](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/04.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf)**         | Heap, Stack, pointers, references, const property, conversion operators |
-| **5**  | **[Basic Concepts IV - Functions and Preprocessing](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/05.Basic_Concepts_IV.pdf)** | Functions, lambda expressions, preprocessing directives                 |
-| **6**  | **[C++ Object Oriented Programming I](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/06.Object_Oriented_I.pdf)**               | Class hierarchy, constructor, destructor, class keywords                |
-| **7**  | **[C++ Object Oriented Programming II](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/07.Object_Oriented_II.pdf)**             | Polymorphism, operators overloading                                     |
-| **8**  | **[C++ Templates and Meta-programming I](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/08.Templates_I.pdf)**                  | Function template, type traits                                          |
-| **9**  | **[C++ Templates and Meta-programming II](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/09.Templates_II.pdf)** | Class template, SFINAE  
-| **10** | **[Translation Units](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/10.Translation_Units.pdf)**                               | Dealing with multiple translation units and files, namespace            |
-| **11** | **[Code Conventions](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/11.Code_Convention.pdf)**                                  | Project organization and main code conventions                          |
-| **12** | **[Ecosystem](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/12.Ecosystem.pdf)**                                               | Debugging, testing, building, documenting tools                         |
-| **13** | **[Utilities](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/13.Utilities.pdf)**                                               | Main `std` libraries                                                    |
-| **14** | **[Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/14.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf)**    | Containers, iterators, algorithms                                       |
-| **15** | **[Advanced Topics](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/15.Advanced_Topics.pdf)**                                   | Move semantics, error handling, C++ idioms                              |
-| **16** | **[Optimization I](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/16.Optimization_I.pdf)**                                     | Code optimizations, e.g. arithmetic, memory, etc.                       |
-| **17** | **[Optimization II](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/17.Optimization_II.pdf)**                                   | Compiler optimizations, profiling and benchmarking tools                |
+| #      | TITLE                                                                                                                                                                                  | MAIN FOCUS                                                                                     |
+| ------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **1**  | [**Introduction**](01.Introduction.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/01.Introduction.html))                                                  | History of C/C++, Areas of applications, Course introduction                                   |
+| **2**  | [**Preparation**](02.Preparation.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/02.Preparation.html))                                                     | Books, How to compile, Hello world                                                             |
+| **3**  | [**Basic Concepts I**](03.Basic_Concepts_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/03.Basic_Concepts_I.html))                                      | Type System, Fundamental types, and Operators                                                  |
+| **4**  | [**Basic Concepts II**](04.Basic_Concepts_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/04.Basic_Concepts_II.html))                                   | Integral and Floating-point types and their arithmetic                                         |
+| **5**  | [**Basic Concepts III**](05.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/05.Basic_Concepts_III.html))                                | Entities, Enumerators, Structures, Control flow statements                                     |
+| **6**  | [**Basic Concepts IV**](06.Basic_Concepts_IV.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/06.Basic_Concepts_IV.html))                                   | Heap, Stack, Pointers, References, Const properties, Conversion operators                      |
+| **7**  | [**Basic Concepts V**](07.Basic_Concepts_V.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/07.Basic_Concepts_V.html))                                      | Functions, Lambda expressions, Preprocessing directives                                        |
+| **8**  | [**Object-Oriented Programming I**](08.Object_Oriented_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/08.Object_Oriented_I.html))                       | Class hierarchy, Constructor, Destructor, Class keywords                                       |
+| **9**  | [**Object Oriented Programming II**](09.Object_Oriented_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/09.Object_Oriented_II.html))                    | Polymorphism, Operators overloading                                                            |
+| **10** | [**Templates and Meta-programming I**](10.Templates_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/10.Templates_I.html))                                | Function template, Type traits, Compile-time utilities                                         |
+| **11** | [**Templates and Meta-programming II**](11.Templates_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/11.Templates_II.html))                             | Class template, SFINAE                                                                         |
+| **12** | [**Translation Units I**](12.Translation_Units_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/12.Translation_Units_I.html))                             | Linkage and One Definition Rule                                                                |
+| **13** | [**Translation Units II**](13.Translation_Units_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/13.Translation_Units_II.html))                          | Dealing with multiple translation units and files,`#include`, Modules                          |
+| **14** | [**Code Conventions I**](14.Code_Convention_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/14.Code_Convention_I.html))                                  | Project organization, code conventions intro, entities conventions                             |
+| **15** | [**Code Conventions II**](15.Code_Convention_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/15.Code_Convention_II.html))                               | Template, namespace, modern c++, maintainability , naming, and formatting conventions          |
+| **16** | [**Debugging and Testing**](16.Debugging.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/16.Debugging.html))                                               | Execution/memory debugging, Sanitizers, Harding techniques, Unit test, Test-Driven Development |
+| **17** | [**Ecosystem**](17.Ecosystem.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/17.Ecosystem.html))                                                           | Cmake, Documenting, and Other Tools                                                            |
+| **18** | [**Utilities**](18.Utilities.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/18.Utilities.html))                                                           | Main `std` libraries                                                                           |
+| **19** | [**Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms**](19.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/19.Iterators_Containers_Alg.html)) | Containers, Iterators, Algorithms, Ranges                                                      |
+| **20** | [**Advanced Topics I**](20.Advanced_Topics_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/20.Advanced_Topics_I.html))                                   | Move semantics, Universal reference, Type deduction                                            |
+| **21** | [**Advanced Topics II**](21.Advanced_Topics_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/21.Advanced_Topics_II.html))                                | Error handling, C++ idioms, Smart pointers                                                     |
+| **22** | [**Performance Optimizations I**](22.Optimization_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/22.Optimization_I.html))                               | Ahmdal Law, Performance bounds, Architecture concepts (ILP, SIMD, etc.), Memory hierarchy      |
+| **23** | [**Performance Optimizations II**](23.Optimization_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/23.Optimization_II.html))                            | Arithmetic optimizations, Memory optimizations, etc.                                           |
+| **24** | [**Performance Optimizations III**](24.Optimization_III.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/24.Optimization_III.html))                         | Compiler optimizations, Profiling, Benchmarking tools                                          |
+| **25** | [**Software Design I**](25.Software_Design_I.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/25.Software_Design_I.html))                                   | Basic Concepts, Principles, Use cases                                                          |
+| **26** | [**Software Design II**](26.Software_Design_II.pdf) ([html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/26.Software_Design_II.html))                                | Design Patterns and Idioms                                                                     |
 
-## TOPICS
+***ALL-IN-ONE BOOK***: [**modern-cpp.pdf**](modern-cpp.pdf) (could be a few commits behind), [html](https://federico-busato.github.io/Modern-CPP-Programming/htmls/modern-cpp.html)
 
-**[1. Introduction](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/01.Introduction.pdf)**
+## TOPICS IN DETAILS
+
+**[1. Introduction](01.Introduction.pdf)**
 
 * **A Little History of C/C++ Programming Languages**
 * **Areas of Application and Popularity**
 * **C++ Philosophy**
-* **Books and References**
+* **C++ Weakness**: C++ alternatives, Why switching to a new language is hard?
 * **The Course**
 
-**[2. Basic Concepts I - Fundamental Types](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/02.Basic_Concepts_I.pdf)**
+**[2. Preparation](02.Preparation.pdf)**
 
-* **Preparation**: What compiler should I use?, What editor/IDE compiler should I use?, How to compile?
-* **Hello World**: I/O Stream
-* **C++ Fundamental Types Overview**: Arithmetic types, Non-standard arithmetic types, `void` type, Pointer type and `nullptr`
+- **Books and References**
+- **Slide Legend**
+- **What Editor/ IDE/Compiler Should I Use?**
+- **How to compile?**
+- **Hello World**: I/O Stream
+
+**[3. Basic Concepts I - Type System, Fundamental Types, and Operators](03.Basic_Concepts_I.pdf)**
+
+* **The C++ Type System**: Type categories, Type properties
+* **C++ Fundamental Types Overview**: Arithmetic types, Suffix and prefix, Non-standard arithmetic types, `void` type, `nullptr`
 * **Conversion Rules**
-* **`auto` declaration**
-* **C++ Operators**: Operators precedence, Prefix/Postfix increment/decrement, Assignment, Compound , and comma operators, Spaceship operator `<=>` 
-* **Integral Data Types**: Fixed width integers and `size_t`, When use signed/unsigned integer? Promotion, Truncation, Undefined behavior
-* **Floating-point Types and Arithmetic**: Normal/Denormal values, Infinity, Not a Number (`NaN`), Summary, Properties
+* **`auto` Keyword**
+* **C++ Operators**: Operators precedence, Prefix/Postfix increment/decrement semantic, Assignment, compound, and comma operators, Spaceship operator `<=>` , Safe comparison operators
+
+**[4. Basic Concepts II - Integral and Floating-point Types](04.Basic_Concepts_II.pdf)**
+
+* **Integral Data Types**: Fixed width integers, `size_t`, `ptrdiff_t`, `uintptr_t`,  Arithmetic Operation Semantics, Promotion, Truncation, Undefined behavior, Saturation Arithmentic
+* **Floating-point Types and Arithmetic**: IEEE Floating-point standard and other representations, Normal/Denormal values, Infinity, Not a Number (`NaN`), Machine Epsilon, Units at the Last Place (ULP), Cheatsheet, Limits and useful functions, Arithmetic properties, Special values behavior, Undefined behavior, Detect floating-point errors
 * **Floating-point Issues**: Catastrophic cancellation, Floating-point comparison
 
-**[3. Basic Concepts II - Entities and Control Flow](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/03.Basic_Concepts_II.pdf)**
-
-* **Enumerators**
-* **`struct`, Bitfield, `union`
-* **Control Flow**: `if` Statement, `for` Loop, Range-base `for` loop, `switch`, `goto`
-
-**[4. Basic Concepts III - Memory Management](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/04.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf)**
-
-* **Heap and Stack**: Stack Memory, `new`, `delete`, Memory Leak
-* **Initialization**: Variable initialization, Uniform initialization, Fixed-size array initialization, Structure initialization, Dynamic array initialization
-* **Pointers and References**: Pointer Operations, Address-of operator `&`, Reference
-* **`const`, `constexpr`, `consteval`, `constinit`**
-* **Explicit Type Conversion**: `static_cast`, `const_cast`, `reinterpret_cast`, Type punning
-* `sizeof` Operator
-
-**[5. Basic Concepts IV - Functions and Preprocessing](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/05.Basic_Concepts_IV.pdf)**
+**[5. Basic Concepts III - Entities and Control Flow](05.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf)**
 
+* **Entities**
 * **Declaration and Definition**
-* **Functions**: Pass by-value, Pass by-pointer, Pass by-reference, Function signature and Overloading, Default parameters, Attributes
-* **Function Objects and Lambda Expressions**: Function pointer, Function object (or Functor), Capture list, Other features, Capture list and classes
-* **Preprocessing**: Preprocessors, Common errors, Useful macro, Stringizing operator (`#`), `#pragma` and `#error`, Token-Pasting Operator (`##`), Variadic Macro
+* **Enumerators**
+* **`struct`, Bitfield, `union`**
+* **Control Flow**: `if` statement, `for` and `while` loops, Range-base `for` loop, `switch`, `goto`, Avoid unused variable warning
+* **Namespace**: Explicit global namespace, namespace alias, `using`-declaration, `using namespace`-directive, `inline` namespace
+* **Attributes**: `[[nodiscard]]`, `[[maybe_unused]]`, `[[deprecated]]`, `[[noreturn]]`
 
-**[6. C++ Object Oriented Programming I](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/06.Object_Oriented_I.pdf)**
+**[6. Basic Concepts IV - Memory Concepts](06.Basic_Concepts_IV.pdf)**
 
-* **C++ Classes**: RAII Idiom
-* **Class Hierarchy**:  Access specifiers, Inheritance access specifiers
-* **Class Constructor**: Default constructor, Class initialization, Uniform initialization, Delegate constructor, `explicit` keyword
+* **Pointers**: Pointer operations, Address-of operator `&`, `struct` member access, `void` pointer, Pointer conversion, Pointer arithmetic, Wild and dangling pointers
+* **Heap and Stack**: Stack memory, `new`, `delete`, Non-allocating placement allocation, Non-throwing allocation, Memory leak
+* **Initialization**: Variable initialization, Uniform initialization, Array initialization, Structure initialization, Structure Binding, Dynamic memory initialization
+* **References**
+* **`Const` and Constant Expressions**: Contants and literals, `const`, `constexpr`, `consteval`, `constinit`, `if constexpr`, `std::is constant evaluated()`, `if consteval`
+* **`volatile` keyword**
+* **Explicit Type Conversion**: `static_cast`, `const_cast`, `reinterpret_cast`, Type punning, `std::bit_cast`, Uniform initialization conversion, `gls::narrow_cast`
+* **`sizeof` Operator**: overview, `[[no_unique_address]]`
+
+**[7. Basic Concepts V - Functions and Preprocessing](07.Basic_Concepts_V.pdf)**
+
+* **Functions**: Pass-by-value, Pass-by-pointer, Pass-by-reference, Function signature and overloading, Overloading and `=delete`, Default parameters
+* **Function Pointer and Function Objects**
+* **Lambda Expressions**: Capture list, Lambda expression and function relation, Parameter notes, Composability, Recursion,  `constexpr/consteval`, `template`, `mutable`, `[[nodiscard]]`, Capture list and classes
+* **Preprocessing**: Preprocessors, Common errors, Source location macros, Conditional compiling macros, Stringizing operator (`#`),  `#error` and `#warning`, `#pragma`, Token-pasting operator `##`, Variadic macro
+
+**[8. Object-Oriented Programming I - Class Concepts](08.Object_Oriented_I.pdf)**
+
+* **C++ Classes**: RAII idiom
+* **Class Hierarchy**
+* **Access specifiers**: Inheritance access specifiers, When use `public/protected/private` for data members?
+* **Class Constructor**: Default constructor, Class initialization, Uniform initialization for objects, Delegate constructor, `explicit` keyword, `[[nodiscard]]` and classes
 * **Copy Constructor**
 * **Class Destructor**
-* **Defaulted Members** (`= default`)
+* **Defaulted  Constructors, Destructor, and Operators** (`= default`)
 * **Class Keywords**: `this`, `static`, `const`, `mutable`, `using`, `friend`, `delete`
 
-**[7. C++ Object Oriented Programming II](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/07.Object_Oriented_II.pdf)**
+**[9. Object-Oriented Programming II - Polymorphism and Operator Overloading](09.Object_Oriented_II.pdf)**
 
-* **Polymorphism**: `virtual` methods, Virtual table, `override` keyword, `final` keyword, Common errors, Pure virtual method, Abstract class and interface
+* **Polymorphism**: C++ mechanisms for polymorphism, `virtual` methods, Virtual table, `override` keyword, `final` keyword, Common errors, Pure virtual method, Abstract class and interface
 * **Inheritance Casting and Run-time Type Identification**
-* **Operator Overloading**: Overview, Subscript operator `[]`, Comparison operator `<`, Spaceship operator `<=>` Function call operator `()`, Conversion operator `T()`, Return type overloading resolution, Increment and decrement operators `++`/`--`, Assignment operator `=`, Stream operator `<<`, Operator Notes
-* **C++ Special Objects**: Aggregate, Trivial class, Standard-layout class, Plain old data (POD), Hierarchy
+* **Operator Overloading**: Overview, Comparison operator `<`, Spaceship operator `<=>`, Subscript operator `[]`, Multidimensional subscript operator `[]`, Function call operator `()`, static operator `[]` and operator `()`, Conversion operator `T()`, Return type overloading resolution, Increment and decrement operators `++`/`--`, Assignment operator `=`, Stream operator `<<`, Operator notes
+* **C++ Object Layout**: Aggregate, Trivial class, Standard-layout class, Plain old data (POD), Hierarchy
 
-**[8. C++ Templates and Meta-programming I](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/08.Templates_I.pdf)**
+**[10. Templates and Meta-programming I - Function Templates and Compile-Time Utilities](10.Templates_I.pdf)**
 
-* **Function Template**: Overview, Template parameters, Template parameter - default value, Specialization, Overloading, `auto` deduction
-* **Compile-Time Utilities**: `static_assert`, `decltype` Keyword, `using` Keyword
-* **Type Traits**: Overview, Type traits library, Type manipulation, Type relation and transformation
-* **Template Parameters**: Overview, Special cases
+* **Function Template**: Overview, Template instantiation, Templat parameters, Template parameter - default value, Overloading, Specialization
+* **Template Variable**
+* **Template Parameter Types**: Generic Type Notes, `auto` Placeholder, Class template parameter type, Array and pointer types, Function type
+* **Compile-Time Utilities**: `static_assert`, `using` keyword, `decltype` keyword
+* **Type Traits**: Overview, Type traits library, Type manipulation
 
-**[9. C++ Templates and Meta-programming II](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/09.Templates_II.pdf)**
+**[11. Templates and Meta-programming II - Class Templates and SFINAE](11.Templates_II.pdf)**
 
-* **Class Template**: Class specialization, Class + Function - specialization, `friend` keyword, Dependent names, Template variable
+* **Class Template**: Class specialization, Class template constructor
+* **Constructor template automatic deduction (CTAD)**
+* **Class Template - Advanced Concepts**: Class + Function - specialization, Dependent names - `typename` and `template` keywords, Class template hierarchy and `using`, `friend` keyword, Template template arguments
 * **Template Meta-Programming**
-* **SFINAE: Substitution Failure Is Not An Error**: Function SFINAE, Class SFINAE, Class + Function SFINAE
-* **Variadic Template**: Folding Expression, Variadic Class Template
+* **SFINAE: Substitution Failure Is Not An Error**: Function SFINAE, Class SFINAE
+* **Variadic Template**: Folding expression, Variadic class template
+* **C++20 Concepts**: Overview, `concept` keyword, `requires` clause, `requires` expression, `requires` expression + clause, `requires` clause + expression, `requires` and `constexpr`, Nested `requires`
+* **Template Debugging**
 
-**[10. Translation Units](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/10.Translation_Units.pdf)**
+**[12. Translation Units I - Linkage and One Definition Rule](12.Translation_Units_I.pdf)**
 
 * **Basic Concepts**: Translation unit, Local and global scope, Linkage
-* **Storage Class and Duration**: Storage duration, Storage class, `static` and `extern` keywords, Internal/External linkage examples, Linkage of `const` and `constexpr`, Static Initialization Order Fiasco
+* **Storage Class and Duration**: Storage duration, Storage class, `static` keyword, Anonymous namespace, `extern` keywords
+* **Linkage of `const` and `constexpr`**: Static initialization order fiasco
+* **Linkage Summary**
 * **Dealing with Multiple Translation Units**: Class in multiple translation units
-* **One Definition Rule (ODR)**: Global variable issues,`inline` functions/variables
-* **Function Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
-* **Class Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
-* **ODR and Undefined Behavior**
-* **`#include` Issues**: Forward declaration, Include guard, Circular dependencies, Common linking errors
-* **Namespace**: Namespace functions vs. `static` methods, Namespace alias, Anonymous namespace, `inline` namespace
-* **How to Compile**: Compile strategies, Deal with libraries, Build static/dynamic libraries, Find dynamic library dependencies, Analyze object/executable symbols
+* **One Definition Rule (ODR)**: Global variable issues, ODR - Point 3, `inline` functions/variables, `constexpr` and `inline`
+* **ODR - Function Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
+* **ODR - Class Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
+* **ODR Undefined Behavior and Summary**
 
-**[11. Code Conventions](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/11.Code_Convention.pdf)**
+**[13. Translation Units II - Include, Module, and Namespace](13.Translation_Units_II.pdf)**
 
-* **C++ Project Organization**: Project directories, Project files, `src/include` directories
-* **Coding Styles and Conventions**
-* **`#include`**
-* **Macro and Preprocessing**
-* **Namespace**
-* **Variables**
-* **Functions**
-* **Structs and Classes**
-* **Control Flow**
-* **Modern C++ Features**
-* **Maintainability**
-* **Naming and Formatting**
-* **Code Documentation**
+- **`#include` Issues**: Include guard, Forward declaration, Circular dependencies, Common linking errors
+- **C++20 Modules**: Overview, Terminology, Visibility and reachability, Module unit types, Keywords, Global module fragment, Private module fragment, Header module unit, Module partitions
+- **Compiling Multiple Translation Units**: Fundamental compiler flags, Compile Methods
+- **Libraries in C++**: Static library, Build static libraries, Using static libraries, Dynamic library, Build dynamic libraries, Using dynamic libraries, Application binary interface (ABI), Demangling, Find Dynamic library dependencies, Analyze object/executable symbols
 
-**[12. Ecosystem](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/12.Ecosystem.pdf)**
+**[14. Code Conventions I](14.Code_Convention_I.pdf)**
 
-* **Debugging**: Assertion, Execution debugging (`gdb`)
-* **Memory Debugging**: `valgrind`, Stack protection
-* **Sanitizers**: Address sanitizer, Leak sanitizer, Memory sanitizers, Undefined behavior sanitizer
+* **C++ Project Organization**: Project directories, Project files, "Common" project organization notes, Alternative - “Canonical” project organization
+* **Coding Styles and Conventions**: Overview, Popular coding styles
+* **Header Files and `#include`**: `#include` guard, `#include` syntax, order of `#include`, Common header/source filename conventions
+* **Preprocessing**: Macro, Preprocessing statements
+* **Variables**: `static` global variables, conversions
+* **Enumerators**
+* **Arithmetic Types**: Signed vs. unsigned integral types, integral types conversion, Integral types: size and other issues, Floating-point types
+* **Functions**: Function parameters, Function arguments, function return values, Function specifiers, lambda expressions
+* **Structs and Classes**: `struct` vs `class`, Initialization, Braced initializer lists, Special member functions, `=default`, `=delete`, Other issues, Inheritance, Style
+
+**[15. Code Conventions II](15.Code_Convention_II.pdf)**
+
+- **`auto`**
+- **Templates and Type Deduction**
+- **Control Flow**: Redundant control flow , `if/else`, Comparison, `switch`, `for/while`
+- **Namespace**: `using namespace` directive, Anoymous/unnamed namespace, Namespace and class design, Style
+- **Modern C++ Features**: Keywords, Features, Class, Library
+- **Maintainability**: Code comprehension, Functions, Template and Debuction, Library
+- Portability
+- **Naming**: Entities, Variables, Functions, Style conventions, Enforcing naming styles
+- **Readability and Formatting**: Horizontal spacing, Pointers/References, Vertical spacing, Braces, Type decorators, Reduce code verbosity, Other issues
+- **Code Documentation**: Function documentation, Comment syntax, File documentation
+
+**[16. Debugging and Testing](16.Debugging.pdf)**
+
+* **Debugging Overview**
+* **Assertions**
+* **Execution debugging**: Breakpoints, Watchpoints / Catchpoints, Control flow, Stack and info, Print, Disassemble, `std::breakpoint`
+* **Memory Debugging**: `valgrind`
+* **Hardening Techniques**: Stack usage, Standard library checks, Undefined behavior protections, Control flow protections
+* **Sanitizers**: Address sanitizer, Leak sanitizer, Memory sanitizers, Undefined behavior sanitizer, Sampling-baed sanitizer
 * **Debugging Summary**
-* **Code Checking and Analysis**: Compiler warnings, Static analyzers
-* **Code Testing**: Unit test, Code coverage, Fuzz testing
+* **Compiler Warnings**
+* **Static Analysis**
+* **Code Testing**: Unit testing, Test-Driven Development (TDD), Code coverage, Fuzz testing
 * **Code Quality**: `clang-tidy`
-* **CMake**: `cmake` and `ctest`
-* **Code Documentation**: `doxygen`
-* **Code Statistics**: Count lines of code, Cyclomatic complexity analyzer
-* **Other Tools**: Code formatting - `clang-format`, `Compiler Explorer`, Code transformation - `CppInsights`, Code autocompletion - `TabNine/Kite`, Local code search - `ripgrep`, Code search engine - `searchcode/grep.app`, Code exploration - `SourceTrail`, Code benchmarking - `Quick-Bench`, Font for Coding
 
-**[13. Utilities](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/13.Utilities.pdf)**
+**[17. Ecosystem - Cmake and Other Tools](17.Ecosystem.pdf)**
+
+- **CMake**: `cmake` and `ctest`
+- **Code Documentation**: `doxygen`
+- **Code Statistics**: Count lines of code, Cyclomatic complexity analyzer
+- **Other Tools**: Code formatting - `clang-format`, `Compiler Explorer`, Code transformation - `CppInsights`, AI-powered code completion -Local code search - `ugrep`, `ripgrep`, `hypergrep`, Code search engine - `searchcode/grep.app`, Code benchmarking - `Quick-Bench`, Font for coding
+
+**[18. Utilities](18.Utilities.pdf)**
 
 * **I/O Stream**: Manipulator, `ofstream/ifstream`
+* **Strings**: `std::string`, Conversion from/to numeric  values, `std::string_view`, `std::format`, `std::print`
+* **View**: `std::span`
 * **Math Libraries**
-* **Strings**: `std::string`, Conversion from/to numeric balues, `std::string view`, `std::format`
-* **Random Number**: Basic Concepts, C++ `<random>`, Seed, PRNG period and quality, Distribution, Quasi-random
+* **Random Number**: Basic concepts, C++ `<random>`, Seed, PRNG period and quality, Distribution, Recent algorithms and Performance, Quasi-random
 * **Time Measuring**: Wall-Clock time, User time, System time
-* **Std Template Classes**: `std::pair`, `std::tuple`, `std::variant`, `std::optional`, `std::any`
+* **Std Class Templates**: `std::pair`, `std::tuple`, `std::variant`, `std::optional`, `std::any`, `std::stacktrace`
 * **Filesystem Library**: Query methods, Modify methods
 
-**[14. Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/14.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf)**
+**[19. Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms](19.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf)**
 
 * **Containers and Iterators**
-* **Sequence Containers**: `std::array`, `std::vector`, `std::list`, `std::deque`, `std::forward_list`
+* **Sequence Containers**: `std::array`, `std::vector`, `std::deque`, `std::list`, `std::forward_list`
 * **Associative Containers**: `std::set`, `std::map`, `std::multiset`
 * **Container Adaptors**: `std::stack`, `std::queue`, `std::priority_queue`
-* **View**: `std::span`
-* **Implement a Custom Iterator**: Semantic, Implement a simple Iterator
-* **Iterator Utility Methods**: `std::advance`, `std::next`, `std::prev`, `std::distance`, Range access methods, Iterator traits
+* **Implement a Custom Iterator**: Implement a simple Iterator
+* **Iterator Notes**:
+* **Iterator Utility Methods**: `std::advance`, `std::next`, `std::prev`, `std::distance`, Container access methods, Iterator traits
 * **Algorithms Library**: `std::find_if`, `std::sort`, `std::accumulate`, `std::generate`, `std::remove_if`
+* **C++20 Ranges**: Key concepts, Range view,  Range adaptor, Range factory, Range algorithms, Range actions
 
-**[15. Advanced Topics](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/15.Advanced_Topics.pdf)**
+**[20. Advanced Topics I](20.Advanced_Topics_I.pdf)**
 
-* **Move Semantic**: `lvalues` and `rvalues` references, Move semantic, Compiler implicitly declared, `std::move`
+* **Move Semantic**: `lvalues` and `rvalues` references, Move semantic, `std::move`, Class declaration semantic
 * **Universal Reference and Perfect Forwarding**: Universal reference, Reference collapsing rules, Perfect forwarding
 * **Value Categories**
-* **`&`, `&&` Overloading - Ref-qualifiers**
+* **`&`, `&&` Ref-qualifiers and `volatile` Overloading**
 * **Copy Elision and RVO**
-* **Type Deduction**: Pass by-reference, Pass by-pointer, Pass by-value
+* **Type Deduction**: Pass by-reference, Pass-by-pointer, Pass-by-value, `auto` deduction, `auto(x)`: Decay-copy
 * **`const` Correctness**
-* **Undefined Behavior**
-* **Error Handling**: C++ Exceptions, Defining custom exceptions, `noexcept` keyword, Memory allocation issues, Alternative error handling approaches
-* **C++ Idioms**: Rule of zero/three/five, Singleton, PIMPL, CRTP, Template Virtual Functions
-* **Smart pointers**: `std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, `std::weak_ptr`
-* **Concurrency**: Thread Methods, Mutex, Atomic, Task-based parallelism
 
-**[16. Optimization I](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/16.Optimization_I.pdf)**
+**[21. Advanced Topics II](21.Advanced_Topics_II.pdf)**
 
-* **General Concepts**: Asymptotic complexity, Optimization cycle, Ahmdal's Law, Throughput, Bandwidth, Latency, Performance Bounds, Arithmetic Intensity
-* **Basic Architecture Concepts**: Instruction-level parallelism, Little’s Law, Data-level parallelism, thread-level parallelism, RISC, CISC Instruction sets
-* **I/O Operations**: `printf`, Memory Mapped I/O, Speed up raw data loading
-* **Locality and Memory Access Patterns**: Memory hierarchy, Memory locality, Internal structure alignment, External structure alignment
-* **Arithmetic**: Data types, Operations, Conversion, Floating-point, Compiler intrinsic functions, Value in a Range, Lookup Table
-* **Control Flow**: Loop hoisting, Loop unrolling, Branch hints, Recursion
-* **Functions**: Function call cost, Argument passing, Function optimizations, Function inlining, Pointers Aliasing
-* **C++ Objects**: C++ Objects Optimizations
+- **Undefined Behavior:** Illegal behavior, Platform specific behavior, unspecified behavior, Detecting undefined behavior
+- **Error Handling**: Recoverable error handing, Return code, C++ Exceptions, Defining custom exceptions, `noexcept` keyword, Memory allocation issues, Return code and exception summary, `std::expected`, Alternative error handling approaches
+- **Smart pointers**: `std::unique_ptr`, `std::shared_ptr`, `std::weak_ptr`
+- **Concurrency**: Thread methods, Mutex, Atomic, Task-based parallelism
 
-**[17. Optimization II](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/17.Optimization_II.pdf)**
+**[22. Optimization I - Basic Concepts](22.Optimization_I.pdf)**
 
-* **Compiler Optimizations**: About the compiler, Architecture flags, Optimization flags, Help the Compiler to produce better code, Profile guided optimization (PGO)
-* **Compiler Transformation Techniques**
-* **Libraries and Data Structures**: External libraries, Std library
+* **Introduction**: Moore's Law, Moore's Law limitations, Reasons for optimizing
+* **Basic Concepts**: Asymptotic complexity, Time-Memory trade-off, Developing cycle, Ahmdal's law, Throughput, Bandwidth, Latency, Performance bounds, Arithmetic intensity
+* **Basic Architecture Concepts**: Instruction throughput (IPC), In-Order, and Out-of-Order Execution, Instruction pipelining, Instruction-level parallelism (ILP), Little’s law, Data-level parallelism (DLP) and vector instructions (SIMD), Thread-level parallelism (TLP), Single Instruction Multiple Threads (SIMT), RISC, CISC instruction sets
+* **Memory Hierarchy**: Memory hierarchy concepts, Memory locality, Core-to-core latency and thread affinity, Memory ordering model
+
+**[23. Optimization II - Code Optimization](23.Optimization_II.pdf)**
+
+* **I/O Operations**: `printf`, Memory mapped I/O, Speed up raw data loading
+* **Memory Optimizations**: Heap memory, Stack memory, Cache utilization, Data alignment, Memory Prefetch
+* **Arithmetic Types**: Data types, Arithmetic operations, Conversion, Floating-point, Compiler intrinsic functions, Value in a range, Lookup table
+* **Control Flow**: Branhes, Branch Hints - `[[likely]]` / `[[unlikely]]`, Signed/Unsigned integers, Loops, Loop hoisting, Loop unrolling, Assertions, Compiler hints `[[assume]]/std::unreacheable()`, Recursion
+* **Functions**: Function call cost, Argument passing, Function inlining, Function attributes, Pointers aliasing
+* **Object-Oriented Programming**
+* **Std Library and Other Language Aspects**
+
+**[24. Optimization III - Non-Coding Optimizations and Benchmarking](24.Optimization_III.pdf)**
+
+* **Compiler Optimizations**: About the compiler, Compiler optimization flags, Floating-point optimization flags, Linker optimization flags, Architecture flags, Help the compiler to produce better code, Profile guided optimization (PGO), Post-processing binary optimizer, Polyhedral optimizations
+* **Compiler Transformation Techniques**: Basic transformations, Loop unswitching, Loop fusion, Loop fission, Loop interchange, Loop tiling
+* **Libraries and Data Structures**
+* **Performance Benchmarking**: What to test?, Workload/Dataset quality, Cache behavior, Stable CPU performance, Multi-threads considerations, Program memory layout, Measurement overhead, Compiler optimizations, Metric evaluation
 * **Profiling**: `gprof`, `uftrace`, `callgrind`, `cachegrind`, `perf` Linux profiler
-* **Performance Benchmarking**: What to test?, Workload/Dataset quality, Cache behavior, Stable CPU performance, Program memory layout
-* **Parallel Computing**: Concurrency vs. Parallelism, Performance scaling, Gustafson’s Law, Parallel programming languages
+* **Parallel Computing**: Concurrency vs. parallelism, Performance scaling, Gustafson's Law, Parallel programming languages
+
+**[25. Software Design I - Basic Concepts (DRAFT)](25.Software_Design_I.pdf)**
+
+- **Books and References**
+- **Basic Concepts**: Abstraction, interface, and module, Class Invariant
+- **Software Design Principles**: Separation of concern, Low coupling, high cohesion, Encapsulation and information hiding, Design by contract, Problem decomposition, Code reuse
+- **Software Complexity**: Software entropy, Technical debt
+- **The SOLID Design Principles**
+- **Class Design**: The class interface principle, Member functions vs. free functions, namespace functions vs. class static methods
+- **BLAS GEMM Case Study**
+- **Owning Objects and Views**
+- **Value vs. Reference Semantic**
+- **Global Variables**
+
+**[26. Software Design II - Design Patterns and Idioms (DRAFT)](26.Software_Design_II.pdf)**
+
+- **C++ Idioms**: Rule of Zero, Rule of Three, Rule of Five
+- **Design Pattern**: Singleton, Pointer to implementation (PIMPL), Curiously Recurring Template Pattern (CRTP), Template virtual functions
 
 ### Roadmap
 
-1. Complete C++20 topics
-2. Software Design Chapter
-3. Build Aspects Chapter (e.g. reducing build time)
+1. Improve Software Design Chapters
+2. Build Aspects Chapter (e.g. reducing build time)
 
-### Essential Tool
+### Reporting bugs 🐛 and contributing
 
-Online compiler and execution: [CompilerExplorer](https://godbolt.org/)
-
-* for code execution: [Add new..] -> [execution only]
-
-### Reporting bugs and contributing
-
-If you find any typos, conceptual errors, or sections to improve, please report them by writing directly to me or by using the `issue` panel
+If you find any typo, conceptual error, or section to improve, please report them by using the `issue` panel.
 
 ## Author
 
-`Federico Busato`
+`Federico Busato`, https://federico-busato.github.io/
 
-- Nvidia Corporation [fbusato@nvidia.com](mailto:fbusato@nvidia.com)
-- Dept. of Computer Science, University of Verona, Italy [federico.busato@univr.it](mailto:federico.busato@univr.it)
-- Twitter: [twitter.com/fedebusato](https://twitter.com/fedebusato)
-- Linkedin: [www.linkedin.com/in/federico-busato/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/federico-busato/)
+- &#127760; LinkedIn: [www.linkedin.com/in/federico-busato/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/federico-busato/)
+- &#129419; Bluesky: [fbusato.bsky.social](https://bsky.app/profile/fbusato.bsky.social)