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March 2023 - Update 1
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Federico
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</p>
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## C++11 / C++14 / C++17 / C++20
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## C++11 / C++14 / C++17 / C++20 / (C++23)
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This *open-access* course is directed at those who are already familiar with C and object-oriented programming towards a proficiency level of C++ programming. The course covers the basics of C++ programming and moves on to advanced C++ semantics and concepts.
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@ -47,18 +47,18 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
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| **1** | **[Introduction](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/01.Introduction.pdf)** | History of C/C++, Areas of Applications, Course introduction |
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| **2** | **[Basic Concepts I - Fundamental Types](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/02.Basic_Concepts_I.pdf)** | Integral data types, floating-point, operators, and conversion |
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| **3** | **[Basic Concepts II - Entities and Control Flow](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/03.Basic_Concepts_II.pdf)** | Enumerators, structures, control flow statements |
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| **4** | **[Basic Concepts III - Memory Management](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/04.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf)** | Heap, Stack, pointers, references, const property, conversion operators |
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| **4** | **[Basic Concepts III - Memory Management](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/04.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf)** | Heap, Stack, pointers, references, const properties, conversion operators |
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| **5** | **[Basic Concepts IV - Functions and Preprocessing](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/05.Basic_Concepts_IV.pdf)** | Functions, lambda expressions, preprocessing directives |
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| **6** | **[C++ Object Oriented Programming I - Class Concepts](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/06.Object_Oriented_I.pdf)** | Class hierarchy, constructor, destructor, class keywords |
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| **7** | **[C++ Object Oriented Programming II - Polymorphism and Operator Overloading](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/07.Object_Oriented_II.pdf)** | Polymorphism, operators overloading |
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| **8** | **[C++ Templates and Meta-programming I - Function Templates and Compile-Time Utilities](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/08.Templates_I.pdf)** | Function template, type traits |
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| **9** | **[C++ Templates and Meta-programming II - Class Templates and SFINAE](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/09.Templates_II.pdf)** | Class template, SFINAE |
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| **10** | **[Translation Units](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/10.Translation_Units.pdf)** | Dealing with multiple translation units and files, namespace |
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| **10** | **[Translation Units](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/10.Translation_Units.pdf)** | Dealing with multiple translation units and files, namespace, `#include`, module |
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| **11** | **[Code Conventions](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/11.Code_Convention.pdf)** | Project organization and main code conventions |
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| **12** | **[Ecosystem](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/12.Ecosystem.pdf)** | Debugging, testing, building, documenting tools |
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| **13** | **[Utilities](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/13.Utilities.pdf)** | Main `std` libraries |
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| **14** | **[Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/14.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf)** | Containers, iterators, algorithms |
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| **15** | **[Advanced Topics](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/15.Advanced_Topics.pdf)** | Move semantics, error handling, C++ idioms |
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| **14** | **[Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/14.Iterators_Containers_Alg.pdf)** | Containers, iterators, algorithms, ranges |
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| **15** | **[Advanced Topics](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/15.Advanced_Topics.pdf)** | Move semantics, error handling, C++ idioms, exceptions |
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| **16** | **[Optimization I - Basic Concepts](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/16.Optimization_I.pdf)** | Ahmdal Law, performance bounds, architecture concepts (ILP, SIMD, etc.), memory hierarchy |
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| **17** | **[Optimization II - Code Optimization](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/17.Optimization_II.pdf)** | Arithmetic optimizations, memory optimizations, etc. |
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| **18** | **[Optimization III - Non-Coding Optimizations and Benchmarking](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/18.Optimization_III.pdf)** | Compiler optimizations, profiling and benchmarking tools |
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@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
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* **A Little History of C/C++ Programming Languages**
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* **Areas of Application and Popularity**
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* **C++ Philosophy**
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* **C++ Weakness**
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* **Books and References**
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* **The Course**
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@ -88,15 +89,15 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
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**[3. Basic Concepts II - Entities and Control Flow](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/03.Basic_Concepts_II.pdf)**
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* **Enumerators**
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* **`struct`, Bitfield, `union`
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* **`struct`, Bitfield, `union`**
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* **Control Flow**: `if` Statement, `for` Loop, Range-base `for` loop, `switch`, `goto`
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**[4. Basic Concepts III - Memory Management](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/04.Basic_Concepts_III.pdf)**
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* **Heap and Stack**: Stack Memory, `new`, `delete`, Memory Leak
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* **Heap and Stack**: Stack Memory, `new`, `delete`, Non-allocating placement allocation, Non-throwing allocation, Memory leak
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* **Initialization**: Variable initialization, Uniform initialization, Fixed-size array initialization, Structure initialization, Dynamic array initialization
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* **Pointers and References**: Pointer Operations, Address-of operator `&`, Reference
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* **`const`, `constexpr`, `consteval`, `constinit`**
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* **Constant and Literals, `const`, `constexpr`, `consteval`, `constinit`**
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* **Explicit Type Conversion**: `static_cast`, `const_cast`, `reinterpret_cast`, Type punning
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* `sizeof` Operator
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@ -121,36 +122,40 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
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* **Polymorphism**: `virtual` methods, Virtual table, `override` keyword, `final` keyword, Common errors, Pure virtual method, Abstract class and interface
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* **Inheritance Casting and Run-time Type Identification**
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* **Operator Overloading**: Overview, Subscript operator `[]`, Comparison operator `<`, Spaceship operator `<=>` Function call operator `()`, Conversion operator `T()`, Return type overloading resolution, Increment and decrement operators `++`/`--`, Assignment operator `=`, Stream operator `<<`, Operator Notes
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* **Operator Overloading**: Overview, Subscript operator `[]`, Comparison operator `<`, Spaceship operator `<=>`, Function call operator `()`, Conversion operator `T()`, Return type overloading resolution, Increment and decrement operators `++`/`--`, Assignment operator `=`, Stream operator `<<`, Operator Notes
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* **C++ Special Objects**: Aggregate, Trivial class, Standard-layout class, Plain old data (POD), Hierarchy
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**[8. C++ Templates and Meta-programming I - Function Templates and Compile-Time Utilities](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/08.Templates_I.pdf)**
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* **Function Template**: Overview, Template parameters, Template parameter - default value, Specialization, Overloading, `auto` deduction
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* **Function Template**: Overview, Template parameters, Template parameter - default value, Specialization, Overloading
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* **Template Variable**
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* **Template Parameter Types**: Template Parameter Types, Generic Type Notes,
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`auto` Placeholder, Class template parameter type, Array and pointer types, Function type
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* **Compile-Time Utilities**: `static_assert`, `decltype` Keyword, `using` Keyword
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* **Type Traits**: Overview, Type traits library, Type manipulation, Type relation and transformation
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* **Template Parameters**: Overview, Special cases
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* **Type Traits**: Overview, Type traits library, Type manipulation
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**[9. C++ Templates and Meta-programming II - - Class Templates and SFINAE](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/09.Templates_II.pdf)**
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* **Class Template**: Class specialization, Class + Function - specialization, `friend` keyword, Dependent names, Template variable
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* **Class Template**: Class specialization
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* **Class Template - Advanced Concepts**: Class + Function - Specialization, Dependent Names - `typename` and `template` Keywords, `friend` Keyword, Template Template Arguments
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* **Template Meta-Programming**
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* **SFINAE: Substitution Failure Is Not An Error**: Function SFINAE, Class SFINAE, Class + Function SFINAE
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* **Variadic Template**: Folding Expression, Variadic Class Template
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* **C++20 Concepts**: `concept` Keyword, `requires` Clause, `requires` Expression, `requires` Expression + Clause,` requires` Clause + Expression, `requires` and `constexpr`, Nested `requires`
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* **Variadic Template**: Folding Expression, Variadic class template
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* **C++20 Concepts**: Overview, `concept` Keyword, `requires` Clause, `requires` Expression, `requires` Expression + Clause, `requires` Clause + Expression, `requires` and `constexpr`, Nested `requires`
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**[10. Translation Units](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/10.Translation_Units.pdf)**
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* **Basic Concepts**: Translation unit, Local and global scope, Linkage
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* **Storage Class and Duration**: Storage duration, Storage class, `static` and `extern` keywords, Internal/External linkage examples, Linkage of `const` and `constexpr`, Static Initialization Order Fiasco
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* **Storage Class and Duration**: Storage duration, Storage class, `static` and `extern` keywords, Internal/External linkage examples
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* **Linkage of `const` and `constexpr`**: Static Initialization Order Fiasco
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* **Linkage Summary**
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* **Dealing with Multiple Translation Units**: Class in multiple translation units
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* **One Definition Rule (ODR)**: Global variable issues,`inline` functions/variables
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* **Function Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
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* **Class Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
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* **ODR and Undefined Behavior**
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* **One Definition Rule (ODR)**: Global variable issues, ODR - Point 3, `inline` functions/variables, `constexpr` and `inline`
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* **ODR - Function Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
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* **ODR - Class Template**: Cases, `extern` keyword
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* **ODR Undefined Behavior and Summary**
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* **`#include` Issues**: Forward declaration, Include guard, Circular dependencies, Common linking errors
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* **C++20 Modules**: Terminology, Visibility and Reachability, Module unit types, Keywords, Global module fragment, Private module gragment, Header module unit, Module partitions
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* **C++20 Modules**: Overview, Terminology, Visibility and Reachability, Module unit types, Keywords, Global module fragment, Private module gragment, Header module unit, Module partitions
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* **Namespace**: Namespace functions vs. `static` methods, Namespace alias, Anonymous namespace, `inline` namespace, Attributes and namespace
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* **Compiling Multiple Translation Units**: Fundamental compiler flags, Compile Methods, Deal with libraries, Build static/dynamic libraries, Find dynamic library dependencies, Analyze object/executable symbols
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**[12. Ecosystem](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/12.Ecosystem.pdf)**
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* **Debugging**: Assertion, Execution debugging (`gdb`)
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* **Debugging**
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* **Assertion**
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* **Execution debugging**
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* **Memory Debugging**: `valgrind`, Stack protection
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* **Sanitizers**: Address sanitizer, Leak sanitizer, Memory sanitizers, Undefined behavior sanitizer
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* **Debugging Summary**
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@ -182,7 +189,7 @@ If you enjoy the course or you find it useful, please add a **Star**
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* **CMake**: `cmake` and `ctest`
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* **Code Documentation**: `doxygen`
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* **Code Statistics**: Count lines of code, Cyclomatic complexity analyzer
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* **Other Tools**: Code formatting - `clang-format`, `Compiler Explorer`, Code transformation - `CppInsights`, Code autocompletion - `TabNine/Kite`, Local code search - `ripgrep`, Code search engine - `searchcode/grep.app`, Code exploration - `SourceTrail`, Code benchmarking - `Quick-Bench`, Font for Coding
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* **Other Tools**: Code formatting - `clang-format`, `Compiler Explorer`, Code transformation - `CppInsights`, Code autocompletion - `GitHub Co-Pilot/TabNine/Kite`, Local code search - `ripgrep`, Code search engine - `searchcode/grep.app`, Code benchmarking - `Quick-Bench`, Font for Coding
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**[13. Utilities](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/13.Utilities.pdf)**
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* **Value Categories**
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* **`&`, `&&` Overloading - Ref-qualifiers**
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* **Copy Elision and RVO**
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* **Type Deduction**: Pass by-reference, Pass by-pointer, Pass by-value
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* **Type Deduction**: Pass by-reference, Pass by-pointer, Pass by-value, `auto` deduction
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* **`const` Correctness**
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* **Undefined Behavior**
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* **Error Handling**: C++ Exceptions, Defining custom exceptions, `noexcept` keyword, Memory allocation issues, Alternative error handling approaches
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* **Overview**
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* **Basic Concepts**: Asymptotic complexity, Time-Memory Trade-off, Developing Cycle, Ahmdal's law, Throughput, Bandwidth, Latency, Performance bounds, Arithmetic intensity
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* **Architecture Concepts**: Instruction-level parallelism, Little’s law, Data-level parallelism, Thread-level parallelism, RISC, CISC Instruction sets
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* **Memory Hierarchy**: Memory hierarchy concepts, Memory locality, Internal structure alignment, External structure alignment
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* **Basic Architecture Concepts**: Instruction-level parallelism, Little’s law, Data-level parallelism, Thread-level parallelism, RISC, CISC Instruction sets
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* **Memory Hierarchy**: Memory hierarchy concepts, Memory locality
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**[17. Optimization II - Code Optmization](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/17.Optimization_II.pdf)**
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* **I/O Operations**: `printf`, Memory Mapped I/O, Speed up raw data loading
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* **Memory Optimizations**
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* **Arithmetic**: Data types, Operations, Conversion, Floating-point, Compiler intrinsic functions, Value in a Range, Lookup Table
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* **Control Flow**: Loop hoisting, Loop unrolling, Branch hints, Recursion
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* **Functions**: Function call cost, Argument passing, Function optimizations, Function inlining, Pointers Aliasing
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* **I/O Operations**: `printf`, Memory mapped I/O, Speed up raw data loading
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* **Memory Optimizations**: Heap memory, Stack memory, Cache utilization, data alignment
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* **Arithmetic**: Data types, Operations, Conversion, Floating-point, Compiler intrinsic functions, Value in a range, Lookup table
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* **Control Flow**: Loop hoisting, Loop unrolling, Branch hints, Compiler hints, Recursion
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* **Functions**: Function call cost, Argument passing, Function optimizations, Function inlining, Pointers aliasing
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* **C++ Objects**: Object RAII optimizations
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**[18. Optimization III - Non-Coding Optimizations and Benchmarking](https://github.com/federico-busato/Modern-CPP-Programming/blob/master/18.Optimization_III.pdf)**
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* **Compiler Optimizations**: About the compiler, Architecture flags, Optimization flags, Help the Compiler to produce better code, Profile guided optimization (PGO)
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* **Compiler Optimizations**: About the compiler, Architecture flags, Optimization flags, Help the Compiler to produce better code, Profile guided optimization (PGO), Post-Processing Binary Optimizer
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* **Compiler Transformation Techniques**
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* **Libraries and Data Structures**: External libraries, Std library
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* **Performance Benchmarking**: What to test?, Workload/Dataset quality, Cache behavior, Stable CPU performance, Program memory layout, Measurement overhead and compiler Optimizations, Metric evaluation
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