# Ghostty Development Process This document describes the development process for Ghostty. It is intended for anyone considering opening an **issue** or **pull request**. If in doubt, please open a [discussion](https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/discussions); we can always convert that to an issue later. > [!NOTE] > > I'm sorry for the wall of text. I'm not trying to be difficult and I do > appreciate your contributions. Ghostty is a personal project for me that > I maintain in my free time. If you're expecting me to dedicate my personal > time to fixing bugs, maintaining features, and reviewing code, I do kindly > ask you spend a few minutes reading this document. Thank you. ❤️ ## Quick Guide **I'd like to contribute!** All issues are actionable. Pick one and start working on it. Thank you. If you need help or guidance, comment on the issue. Issues that are extra friendly to new contributors are tagged with "contributor friendly". **I'd like to translate Ghostty to my language!** We have written a [Translator's Guide](po/README_TRANSLATORS.md) for everyone interested in contributing translations to Ghostty. Translations usually do not need to go through the process of issue triage and you can submit pull requests directly, although please make sure that our [Style Guide](po/README_TRANSLATORS.md#style-guide) is followed before submission. **I have a bug!** 1. Search the issue tracker and discussions for similar issues. 2. If you don't have steps to reproduce, open a discussion. 3. If you have steps to reproduce, open an issue. **I have an idea for a feature!** 1. Open a discussion. **I've implemented a feature!** 1. If there is an issue for the feature, open a pull request. 2. If there is no issue, open a discussion and link to your branch. 3. If you want to live dangerously, open a pull request and hope for the best. **I have a question!** 1. Open a discussion or use Discord. ## General Patterns ### Issues are Actionable The Ghostty [issue tracker](https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/issues) is for _actionable items_. Unlike some other projects, Ghostty **does not use the issue tracker for discussion or feature requests**. Instead, we use GitHub [discussions](https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/discussions) for that. Once a discussion reaches a point where a well-understood, actionable item is identified, it is moved to the issue tracker. **This pattern makes it easier for maintainers or contributors to find issues to work on since _every issue_ is ready to be worked on.** If you are experiencing a bug and have clear steps to reproduce it, please open an issue. If you are experiencing a bug but you are not sure how to reproduce it or aren't sure if it's a bug, please open a discussion. If you have an idea for a feature, please open a discussion. ### Pull Requests Implement an Issue Pull requests should be associated with a previously accepted issue. **If you open a pull request for something that wasn't previously discussed,** it may be closed or remain stale for an indefinite period of time. I'm not saying it will never be accepted, but the odds are stacked against you. Issues tagged with "feature" represent accepted, well-scoped feature requests. If you implement an issue tagged with feature as described in the issue, your pull request will be accepted with a high degree of certainty. > [!NOTE] > > **Pull requests are NOT a place to discuss feature design.** Please do > not open a WIP pull request to discuss a feature. Instead, use a discussion > and link to your branch. # Developer Guide > [!NOTE] > > **The remainder of this file is dedicated to developers actively > working on Ghostty.** If you're a user reporting an issue, you can > ignore the rest of this document. ## Including and Updating Translations See the [Contributor's Guide](po/README_CONTRIBUTORS.md) for more details. ## Input Stack Testing The input stack is the part of the codebase that starts with a key event and ends with text encoding being sent to the pty (it does not include _rendering_ the text, which is part of the font or rendering stack). If you modify any part of the input stack, you must manually verify all the following input cases work properly. We unfortunately do not automate this in any way, but if we can do that one day that'd save a LOT of grief and time. Note: this list may not be exhaustive, I'm still working on it. ### Linux IME IME (Input Method Editors) are a common source of bugs in the input stack, especially on Linux since there are multiple different IME systems interacting with different windowing systems and application frameworks all written by different organizations. The following matrix should be tested to ensure that all IME input works properly: 1. Wayland, X11 2. ibus, fcitx, none 3. Dead key input (e.g. Spanish), CJK (e.g. Japanese), Emoji, Unicode Hex 4. ibus versions: 1.5.29, 1.5.30, 1.5.31 (each exhibit slightly different behaviors) > [!NOTE] > > This is a **work in progress**. I'm still working on this list and it > is not complete. As I find more test cases, I will add them here. #### Dead Key Input Set your keyboard layout to "Spanish" (or another layout that uses dead keys). 1. Launch Ghostty 2. Press `'` 3. Press `a` 4. Verify that `á` is displayed Note that the dead key may or may not show a preedit state visually. For ibus and fcitx it does but for the "none" case it does not. Importantly, the text should be correct when it is sent to the pty. We should also test canceling dead key input: 1. Launch Ghostty 2. Press `'` 3. Press escape 4. Press `a` 5. Verify that `a` is displayed (no diacritic) #### CJK Input Configure fcitx or ibus with a keyboard layout like Japanese or Mozc. The exact layout doesn't matter. 1. Launch Ghostty 2. Press `Ctrl+Shift` to switch to "Hiragana" 3. On a US physical layout, type: `konn`, you should see `こん` in preedit. 4. Press `Enter` 5. Verify that `こん` is displayed in the terminal. We should also test switching input methods while preedit is active, which should commit the text: 1. Launch Ghostty 2. Press `Ctrl+Shift` to switch to "Hiragana" 3. On a US physical layout, type: `konn`, you should see `こん` in preedit. 4. Press `Ctrl+Shift` to switch to another layout (any) 5. Verify that `こん` is displayed in the terminal as committed text. ## Nix Virtual Machines Several Nix virtual machine definitions are provided by the project for testing and developing Ghostty against multiple different Linux desktop environments. Running these requires a working Nix installation, either Nix on your favorite Linux distribution, NixOS, or macOS with nix-darwin installed. Further requirements for macOS are detailed below. VMs should only be run on your local desktop and then powered off when not in use, which will discard any changes to the VM. The VM definitions provide minimal software "out of the box" but additional software can be installed by using standard Nix mechanisms like `nix run nixpkgs#`. ### Linux 1. Check out the Ghostty source and change to the directory. 2. Run `nix run .#`. `` can be any of the VMs defined in the `nix/vm` directory (without the `.nix` suffix) excluding any file prefixed with `common` or `create`. 3. The VM will build and then launch. Depending on the speed of your system, this can take a while, but eventually you should get a new VM window. 4. The Ghostty source directory should be mounted to `/tmp/shared` in the VM. Depending on what UID and GID of the user that you launched the VM as, `/tmp/shared` _may_ be writable by the VM user, so be careful! ### macOS 1. To run the VMs on macOS you will need to enable the Linux builder in your `nix-darwin` config. This _should_ be as simple as adding `nix.linux-builder.enable=true` to your configuration and then rebuilding. See [this](https://nixcademy.com/posts/macos-linux-builder/) blog post for more information about the Linux builder and how to tune the performance. 2. Once the Linux builder has been enabled, you should be able to follow the Linux instructions above to launch a VM. ### Custom VMs To easily create a custom VM without modifying the Ghostty source, create a new directory, then create a file called `flake.nix` with the following text in the new directory. ``` { inputs = { nixpkgs.url = "nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable"; ghostty.url = "github:ghostty-org/ghostty"; }; outputs = { nixpkgs, ghostty, ... }: { nixosConfigurations.custom-vm = ghostty.create-gnome-vm { nixpkgs = nixpkgs; system = "x86_64-linux"; overlay = ghostty.overlays.releasefast; # module = ./configuration.nix # also works module = {pkgs, ...}: { environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.btop ]; }; }; }; } ``` The custom VM can then be run with a command like this: ``` nix run .#nixosConfigurations.custom-vm.config.system.build.vm ``` A file named `ghostty.qcow2` will be created that is used to persist any changes made in the VM. To "reset" the VM to default delete the file and it will be recreated the next time you run the VM. ### Contributing new VM definitions #### VM Acceptance Criteria We welcome the contribution of new VM definitions, as long as they meet the following criteria: 1. The should be different enough from existing VM definitions that they represent a distinct user (and developer) experience. 2. There's a significant Ghostty user population that uses a similar environment. 3. The VMs can be built using only packages from the current stable NixOS release. #### VM Definition Criteria 1. VMs should be as minimal as possible so that they build and launch quickly. Additional software can be added at runtime with a command like `nix run nixpkgs#`. 2. VMs should not expose any services to the network, or run any remote access software like SSH daemons, VNC or RDP. 3. VMs should auto-login using the "ghostty" user.