diff --git a/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.App.swift b/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.App.swift
index 30efb289e..3b3dd9626 100644
--- a/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.App.swift
+++ b/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.App.swift
@@ -549,6 +549,9 @@ extension Ghostty {
         }
 
         static func setPasswordInput(_ userdata: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?, value: Bool) {
+            // We don't currently allow global password input being set from this.
+            guard let userdata else { return }
+            
             let surfaceView = self.surfaceUserdata(from: userdata)
             guard let appState = self.appState(fromView: surfaceView) else { return }
             guard appState.config.autoSecureInput else { return }
diff --git a/src/App.zig b/src/App.zig
index d93e00a2a..4462c7c83 100644
--- a/src/App.zig
+++ b/src/App.zig
@@ -138,7 +138,13 @@ pub fn addSurface(self: *App, rt_surface: *apprt.Surface) !void {
     // Since we have non-zero surfaces, we can cancel the quit timer.
     // It is up to the apprt if there is a quit timer at all and if it
     // should be canceled.
-    if (@hasDecl(apprt.App, "cancelQuitTimer")) rt_surface.app.cancelQuitTimer();
+    rt_surface.app.performAction(
+        .{ .surface = &rt_surface.core_surface },
+        .quit_timer,
+        .stop,
+    ) catch |err| {
+        log.warn("error stopping quit timer err={}", .{err});
+    };
 }
 
 /// Delete the surface from the known surface list. This will NOT call the
@@ -166,8 +172,13 @@ pub fn deleteSurface(self: *App, rt_surface: *apprt.Surface) void {
 
     // If we have no surfaces, we can start the quit timer. It is up to the
     // apprt to determine if this is necessary.
-    if (@hasDecl(apprt.App, "startQuitTimer") and
-        self.surfaces.items.len == 0) rt_surface.app.startQuitTimer();
+    if (self.surfaces.items.len == 0) rt_surface.app.performAction(
+        .{ .surface = &rt_surface.core_surface },
+        .quit_timer,
+        .start,
+    ) catch |err| {
+        log.warn("error starting quit timer err={}", .{err});
+    };
 }
 
 /// The last focused surface. This is only valid while on the main thread
@@ -194,7 +205,7 @@ fn drainMailbox(self: *App, rt_app: *apprt.App) !void {
         log.debug("mailbox message={s}", .{@tagName(message)});
         switch (message) {
             .reload_config => try self.reloadConfig(rt_app),
-            .open_config => try self.openConfig(rt_app),
+            .open_config => try self.performAction(rt_app, .open_config),
             .new_window => |msg| try self.newWindow(rt_app, msg),
             .close => |surface| try self.closeSurface(surface),
             .quit => try self.setQuit(),
@@ -205,12 +216,6 @@ fn drainMailbox(self: *App, rt_app: *apprt.App) !void {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn openConfig(self: *App, rt_app: *apprt.App) !void {
-    _ = self;
-    log.debug("opening configuration", .{});
-    try rt_app.openConfig();
-}
-
 pub fn reloadConfig(self: *App, rt_app: *apprt.App) !void {
     log.debug("reloading configuration", .{});
     if (try rt_app.reloadConfig()) |new| {
@@ -241,19 +246,17 @@ fn redrawInspector(self: *App, rt_app: *apprt.App, surface: *apprt.Surface) !voi
 
 /// Create a new window
 pub fn newWindow(self: *App, rt_app: *apprt.App, msg: Message.NewWindow) !void {
-    if (!@hasDecl(apprt.App, "newWindow")) {
-        log.warn("newWindow is not supported by this runtime", .{});
-        return;
-    }
+    const target: apprt.Target = target: {
+        const parent = msg.parent orelse break :target .app;
+        if (self.hasSurface(parent)) break :target .{ .surface = parent };
+        break :target .app;
+    };
 
-    const parent = if (msg.parent) |parent| parent: {
-        break :parent if (self.hasSurface(parent))
-            parent
-        else
-            null;
-    } else null;
-
-    try rt_app.newWindow(parent);
+    try rt_app.performAction(
+        target,
+        .new_window,
+        {},
+    );
 }
 
 /// Start quitting
@@ -318,13 +321,9 @@ pub fn performAction(
         .ignore => {},
         .quit => try self.setQuit(),
         .new_window => try self.newWindow(rt_app, .{ .parent = null }),
-        .open_config => try self.openConfig(rt_app),
+        .open_config => try rt_app.performAction(.app, .open_config, {}),
         .reload_config => try self.reloadConfig(rt_app),
-        .close_all_windows => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.App, "closeAllWindows")) {
-                rt_app.closeAllWindows();
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement closeAllWindows", .{});
-        },
+        .close_all_windows => try rt_app.performAction(.app, .close_all_windows, {}),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/Surface.zig b/src/Surface.zig
index 85a5face0..ed83b2af8 100644
--- a/src/Surface.zig
+++ b/src/Surface.zig
@@ -747,11 +747,7 @@ pub fn handleMessage(self: *Surface, msg: Message) !void {
         },
 
         .report_title => |style| {
-            const title: ?[:0]const u8 = title: {
-                if (!@hasDecl(apprt.runtime.Surface, "getTitle")) break :title null;
-                break :title self.rt_surface.getTitle();
-            };
-
+            const title: ?[:0]const u8 = self.rt_surface.getTitle();
             const data = switch (style) {
                 .csi_21_t => try std.fmt.allocPrint(
                     self.alloc,
@@ -838,9 +834,16 @@ fn passwordInput(self: *Surface, v: bool) !void {
     }
 
     // Notify our apprt so it can do whatever it wants.
-    if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "setPasswordInput")) {
-        self.rt_surface.setPasswordInput(v);
-    }
+    self.rt_app.performAction(
+        .{ .surface = self },
+        .secure_input,
+        if (v) .on else .off,
+    ) catch |err| {
+        // We ignore this error because we don't want to fail this
+        // entire operation just because the apprt failed to set
+        // the secure input state.
+        log.warn("apprt failed to set secure input state err={}", .{err});
+    };
 
     try self.queueRender();
 }
@@ -894,7 +897,6 @@ fn modsChanged(self: *Surface, mods: input.Mods) void {
 /// Called when our renderer health state changes.
 fn updateRendererHealth(self: *Surface, health: renderer.Health) void {
     log.warn("renderer health status change status={}", .{health});
-    if (!@hasDecl(apprt.runtime.Surface, "updateRendererHealth")) return;
     self.rt_surface.updateRendererHealth(health);
 }
 
@@ -1151,10 +1153,8 @@ fn setSelection(self: *Surface, sel_: ?terminal.Selection) !void {
 
     // Check if our runtime supports the selection clipboard at all.
     // We can save a lot of work if it doesn't.
-    if (@hasDecl(apprt.runtime.Surface, "supportsClipboard")) {
-        if (!self.rt_surface.supportsClipboard(clipboard)) {
-            return;
-        }
+    if (!self.rt_surface.supportsClipboard(clipboard)) {
+        return;
     }
 
     const buf = self.io.terminal.screen.selectionString(self.alloc, .{
@@ -3656,113 +3656,99 @@ pub fn performBindingAction(self: *Surface, action: input.Binding.Action) !bool
             v,
         ),
 
-        .new_tab => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "newTab")) {
-                try self.rt_surface.newTab();
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement newTab", .{});
-        },
+        .new_tab => try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .new_tab,
+            {},
+        ),
 
-        .previous_tab => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "hasTabs")) {
-                if (!self.rt_surface.hasTabs()) {
-                    log.debug("surface has no tabs, ignoring previous_tab binding", .{});
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+        inline .previous_tab,
+        .next_tab,
+        .last_tab,
+        .goto_tab,
+        => |v, tag| try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .goto_tab,
+            switch (tag) {
+                .previous_tab => .previous,
+                .next_tab => .next,
+                .last_tab => .last,
+                .goto_tab => @enumFromInt(v),
+                else => comptime unreachable,
+            },
+        ),
 
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "gotoTab")) {
-                self.rt_surface.gotoTab(.previous);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement gotoTab", .{});
-        },
+        .new_split => |direction| try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .new_split,
+            switch (direction) {
+                .right => .right,
+                .down => .down,
+                .auto => if (self.screen_size.width > self.screen_size.height)
+                    .right
+                else
+                    .down,
+            },
+        ),
 
-        .next_tab => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "hasTabs")) {
-                if (!self.rt_surface.hasTabs()) {
-                    log.debug("surface has no tabs, ignoring next_tab binding", .{});
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+        .goto_split => |direction| try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .goto_split,
+            switch (direction) {
+                inline else => |tag| @field(
+                    apprt.action.GotoSplit,
+                    @tagName(tag),
+                ),
+            },
+        ),
 
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "gotoTab")) {
-                self.rt_surface.gotoTab(.next);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement gotoTab", .{});
-        },
+        .resize_split => |value| try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .resize_split,
+            .{
+                .amount = value[1],
+                .direction = switch (value[0]) {
+                    inline else => |tag| @field(
+                        apprt.action.ResizeSplit.Direction,
+                        @tagName(tag),
+                    ),
+                },
+            },
+        ),
 
-        .last_tab => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "hasTabs")) {
-                if (!self.rt_surface.hasTabs()) {
-                    log.debug("surface has no tabs, ignoring last_tab binding", .{});
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+        .equalize_splits => try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .equalize_splits,
+            {},
+        ),
 
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "gotoTab")) {
-                self.rt_surface.gotoTab(.last);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement gotoTab", .{});
-        },
+        .toggle_split_zoom => try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .toggle_split_zoom,
+            {},
+        ),
 
-        .goto_tab => |n| {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "gotoTab")) {
-                self.rt_surface.gotoTab(@enumFromInt(n));
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement gotoTab", .{});
-        },
+        .toggle_fullscreen => try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .toggle_fullscreen,
+            switch (self.config.macos_non_native_fullscreen) {
+                .false => .native,
+                .true => .macos_non_native,
+                .@"visible-menu" => .macos_non_native_visible_menu,
+            },
+        ),
 
-        .new_split => |direction| {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "newSplit")) {
-                try self.rt_surface.newSplit(switch (direction) {
-                    .right => .right,
-                    .down => .down,
-                    .auto => if (self.screen_size.width > self.screen_size.height)
-                        .right
-                    else
-                        .down,
-                });
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement newSplit", .{});
-        },
+        .toggle_window_decorations => try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .toggle_window_decorations,
+            {},
+        ),
 
-        .goto_split => |direction| {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "gotoSplit")) {
-                self.rt_surface.gotoSplit(direction);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement gotoSplit", .{});
-        },
-
-        .resize_split => |param| {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "resizeSplit")) {
-                const direction = param[0];
-                const amount = param[1];
-                self.rt_surface.resizeSplit(direction, amount);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement resizeSplit", .{});
-        },
-
-        .equalize_splits => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "equalizeSplits")) {
-                self.rt_surface.equalizeSplits();
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement equalizeSplits", .{});
-        },
-
-        .toggle_split_zoom => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "toggleSplitZoom")) {
-                self.rt_surface.toggleSplitZoom();
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement toggleSplitZoom", .{});
-        },
-
-        .toggle_fullscreen => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "toggleFullscreen")) {
-                self.rt_surface.toggleFullscreen(self.config.macos_non_native_fullscreen);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement toggleFullscreen", .{});
-        },
-
-        .toggle_window_decorations => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "toggleWindowDecorations")) {
-                self.rt_surface.toggleWindowDecorations();
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement toggleWindowDecorations", .{});
-        },
-
-        .toggle_secure_input => {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "toggleSecureInput")) {
-                self.rt_surface.toggleSecureInput();
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement toggleSecureInput", .{});
-        },
+        .toggle_secure_input => try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .secure_input,
+            .toggle,
+        ),
 
         .select_all => {
             const sel = self.io.terminal.screen.selectAll();
@@ -3772,11 +3758,16 @@ pub fn performBindingAction(self: *Surface, action: input.Binding.Action) !bool
             }
         },
 
-        .inspector => |mode| {
-            if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "controlInspector")) {
-                self.rt_surface.controlInspector(mode);
-            } else log.warn("runtime doesn't implement controlInspector", .{});
-        },
+        .inspector => |mode| try self.rt_app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = self },
+            .inspector,
+            switch (mode) {
+                inline else => |tag| @field(
+                    apprt.action.Inspector,
+                    @tagName(tag),
+                ),
+            },
+        ),
 
         .close_surface => self.close(),
 
@@ -4163,11 +4154,6 @@ fn completeClipboardReadOSC52(
 }
 
 fn showDesktopNotification(self: *Surface, title: [:0]const u8, body: [:0]const u8) !void {
-    if (comptime !@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "showDesktopNotification")) {
-        log.warn("runtime doesn't support desktop notifications", .{});
-        return;
-    }
-
     // Wyhash is used to hash the contents of the desktop notification to limit
     // how fast identical notifications can be sent sequentially.
     const hash_algorithm = std.hash.Wyhash;
@@ -4203,7 +4189,14 @@ fn showDesktopNotification(self: *Surface, title: [:0]const u8, body: [:0]const
 
     self.app.last_notification_time = now;
     self.app.last_notification_digest = new_digest;
-    try self.rt_surface.showDesktopNotification(title, body);
+    try self.rt_app.performAction(
+        .{ .surface = self },
+        .desktop_notification,
+        .{
+            .title = title,
+            .body = body,
+        },
+    );
 }
 
 fn crashThreadState(self: *Surface) crash.sentry.ThreadState {
@@ -4216,9 +4209,11 @@ fn crashThreadState(self: *Surface) crash.sentry.ThreadState {
 /// Tell the surface to present itself to the user. This may involve raising the
 /// window and switching tabs.
 fn presentSurface(self: *Surface) !void {
-    if (@hasDecl(apprt.Surface, "presentSurface")) {
-        self.rt_surface.presentSurface();
-    } else log.warn("runtime doesn't support presentSurface", .{});
+    try self.rt_app.performAction(
+        .{ .surface = self },
+        .present_terminal,
+        {},
+    );
 }
 
 pub const face_ttf = @embedFile("font/res/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf");
diff --git a/src/apprt.zig b/src/apprt.zig
index 491f1b8b5..7651ace9b 100644
--- a/src/apprt.zig
+++ b/src/apprt.zig
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ const build_config = @import("build_config.zig");
 
 const structs = @import("apprt/structs.zig");
 
+pub const action = @import("apprt/action.zig");
 pub const glfw = @import("apprt/glfw.zig");
 pub const gtk = @import("apprt/gtk.zig");
 pub const none = @import("apprt/none.zig");
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ pub const browser = @import("apprt/browser.zig");
 pub const embedded = @import("apprt/embedded.zig");
 pub const surface = @import("apprt/surface.zig");
 
+pub const Action = action.Action;
+pub const Target = action.Target;
+
 pub const ContentScale = structs.ContentScale;
 pub const Clipboard = structs.Clipboard;
 pub const ClipboardRequest = structs.ClipboardRequest;
@@ -28,10 +32,8 @@ pub const ClipboardRequestType = structs.ClipboardRequestType;
 pub const ColorScheme = structs.ColorScheme;
 pub const CursorPos = structs.CursorPos;
 pub const DesktopNotification = structs.DesktopNotification;
-pub const GotoTab = structs.GotoTab;
 pub const IMEPos = structs.IMEPos;
 pub const Selection = structs.Selection;
-pub const SplitDirection = structs.SplitDirection;
 pub const SurfaceSize = structs.SurfaceSize;
 
 /// The implementation to use for the app runtime. This is comptime chosen
@@ -84,4 +86,6 @@ pub const Runtime = enum {
 test {
     _ = Runtime;
     _ = runtime;
+    _ = action;
+    _ = structs;
 }
diff --git a/src/apprt/action.zig b/src/apprt/action.zig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edeb02d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/apprt/action.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+const CoreSurface = @import("../Surface.zig");
+
+/// The target for an action. This is generally the thing that had focus
+/// while the action was made but the concept of "focus" is not guaranteed
+/// since actions can also be triggered by timers, scripts, etc.
+pub const Target = union(enum) {
+    app,
+    surface: *CoreSurface,
+};
+
+/// The possible actions an apprt has to react to. Actions are one-way
+/// messages that are sent to the app runtime to trigger some behavior.
+///
+/// Actions are very often key binding actions but can also be triggered
+/// by lifecycle events. For example, the `quit_timer` action is not bindable.
+///
+/// Importantly, actions are generally OPTIONAL to implement by an apprt.
+/// Required functionality is called directly on the runtime structure so
+/// there is a compiler error if an action is not implemented.
+pub const Action = union(enum) {
+    /// Open a new window. The target determines whether properties such
+    /// as font size should be inherited.
+    new_window,
+
+    /// Open a new tab. If the target is a surface it should be opened in
+    /// the same window as the surface. If the target is the app then
+    /// the tab should be opened in a new window.
+    new_tab,
+
+    /// Create a new split. The value determines the location of the split
+    /// relative to the target.
+    new_split: SplitDirection,
+
+    /// Close all open windows.
+    close_all_windows,
+
+    /// Toggle fullscreen mode.
+    toggle_fullscreen: Fullscreen,
+
+    /// Toggle whether window directions are shown.
+    toggle_window_decorations,
+
+    /// Jump to a specific tab. Must handle the scenario that the tab
+    /// value is invalid.
+    goto_tab: GotoTab,
+
+    /// Jump to a specific split.
+    goto_split: GotoSplit,
+
+    /// Resize the split in the given direction.
+    resize_split: ResizeSplit,
+
+    /// Equalize all the splits in the target window.
+    equalize_splits,
+
+    /// Toggle whether a split is zoomed or not. A zoomed split is resized
+    /// to take up the entire window.
+    toggle_split_zoom,
+
+    /// Present the target terminal whether its a tab, split, or window.
+    present_terminal,
+
+    /// Control whether the inspector is shown or hidden.
+    inspector: Inspector,
+
+    /// Show a desktop notification.
+    desktop_notification: DesktopNotification,
+
+    /// Open the Ghostty configuration. This is platform-specific about
+    /// what it means; it can mean opening a dedicated UI or just opening
+    /// a file in a text editor.
+    open_config,
+
+    /// Called when there are no more surfaces and the app should quit
+    /// after the configured delay. This can be cancelled by sending
+    /// another quit_timer action with "stop". Multiple "starts" shouldn't
+    /// happen and can be ignored or cause a restart it isn't that important.
+    quit_timer: QuitTimer,
+
+    /// Set the secure input functionality on or off. "Secure input" means
+    /// that the user is currently at some sort of prompt where they may be
+    /// entering a password or other sensitive information. This can be used
+    /// by the app runtime to change the appearance of the cursor, setup
+    /// system APIs to not log the input, etc.
+    secure_input: SecureInput,
+
+    /// The enum of keys in the tagged union.
+    pub const Key = @typeInfo(Action).Union.tag_type.?;
+
+    /// Returns the value type for the given key.
+    pub fn Value(comptime key: Key) type {
+        inline for (@typeInfo(Action).Union.fields) |field| {
+            const field_key = @field(Key, field.name);
+            if (field_key == key) return field.type;
+        }
+
+        unreachable;
+    }
+};
+
+// This is made extern (c_int) to make interop easier with our embedded
+// runtime. The small size cost doesn't make a difference in our union.
+pub const SplitDirection = enum(c_int) {
+    right,
+    down,
+};
+
+// This is made extern (c_int) to make interop easier with our embedded
+// runtime. The small size cost doesn't make a difference in our union.
+pub const GotoSplit = enum(c_int) {
+    previous,
+    next,
+
+    top,
+    left,
+    bottom,
+    right,
+};
+
+/// The amount to resize the split by and the direction to resize it in.
+pub const ResizeSplit = struct {
+    amount: u16,
+    direction: Direction,
+
+    pub const Direction = enum(c_int) {
+        up,
+        down,
+        left,
+        right,
+    };
+};
+
+/// The tab to jump to. This is non-exhaustive so that integer values represent
+/// the index (zero-based) of the tab to jump to. Negative values are special
+/// values.
+pub const GotoTab = enum(c_int) {
+    previous = -1,
+    next = -2,
+    last = -3,
+    _,
+};
+
+/// The fullscreen mode to toggle to if we're moving to fullscreen.
+pub const Fullscreen = enum(c_int) {
+    native,
+
+    /// macOS has a non-native fullscreen mode that is more like a maximized
+    /// window. This is much faster to enter and exit than the native mode.
+    macos_non_native,
+    macos_non_native_visible_menu,
+};
+
+pub const SecureInput = enum(c_int) {
+    on,
+    off,
+    toggle,
+};
+
+/// The inspector mode to toggle to if we're toggling the inspector.
+pub const Inspector = enum(c_int) {
+    toggle,
+    show,
+    hide,
+};
+
+pub const QuitTimer = enum(c_int) {
+    start,
+    stop,
+};
+
+/// The desktop notification to show.
+pub const DesktopNotification = struct {
+    title: [:0]const u8,
+    body: [:0]const u8,
+};
diff --git a/src/apprt/embedded.zig b/src/apprt/embedded.zig
index c540694d0..ca53f137e 100644
--- a/src/apprt/embedded.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/embedded.zig
@@ -81,9 +81,10 @@ pub const App = struct {
 
         /// Create a new split view. If the embedder doesn't support split
         /// views then this can be null.
-        new_split: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.SplitDirection, apprt.Surface.Options) callconv(.C) void = null,
+        new_split: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.action.SplitDirection, apprt.Surface.Options) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
-        /// New tab with options.
+        /// New tab with options. The surface may be null if there is no target
+        /// surface in which case the apprt is expected to create a new window.
         new_tab: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.Surface.Options) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// New window with options. The surface may be null if there is no
@@ -91,16 +92,16 @@ pub const App = struct {
         new_window: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.Surface.Options) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Control the inspector visibility
-        control_inspector: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, input.InspectorMode) callconv(.C) void = null,
+        control_inspector: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.action.Inspector) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Close the current surface given by this function.
         close_surface: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, bool) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Focus the previous/next split (if any).
-        focus_split: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, input.SplitFocusDirection) callconv(.C) void = null,
+        focus_split: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.action.GotoSplit) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Resize the current split.
-        resize_split: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, input.SplitResizeDirection, u16) callconv(.C) void = null,
+        resize_split: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.action.ResizeSplit.Direction, u16) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Equalize all splits in the current window
         equalize_splits: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD) callconv(.C) void = null,
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ pub const App = struct {
         toggle_split_zoom: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Goto tab
-        goto_tab: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.GotoTab) callconv(.C) void = null,
+        goto_tab: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, apprt.action.GotoTab) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Toggle fullscreen for current window.
         toggle_fullscreen: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, configpkg.NonNativeFullscreen) callconv(.C) void = null,
@@ -124,7 +125,8 @@ pub const App = struct {
         /// Called when the cell size changes.
         set_cell_size: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, u32, u32) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
-        /// Show a desktop notification to the user.
+        /// Show a desktop notification to the user. The surface may be null
+        /// if the notification is global.
         show_desktop_notification: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, [*:0]const u8, [*:0]const u8) void = null,
 
         /// Called when the health of the renderer changes.
@@ -138,6 +140,8 @@ pub const App = struct {
         /// Notifies that a password input has been started for the given
         /// surface. The apprt can use this to modify UI, enable features
         /// such as macOS secure input, etc.
+        ///
+        /// The surface userdata will be null if a surface isn't focused.
         set_password_input: ?*const fn (SurfaceUD, bool) callconv(.C) void = null,
 
         /// Toggle secure input for the application.
@@ -440,10 +444,6 @@ pub const App = struct {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn openConfig(self: *App) !void {
-        try configpkg.edit.open(self.core_app.alloc);
-    }
-
     pub fn reloadConfig(self: *App) !?*const Config {
         // Reload
         if (self.opts.reload_config(self.opts.userdata)) |new| {
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ pub const App = struct {
         surface.queueInspectorRender();
     }
 
-    pub fn newWindow(self: *App, parent: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
+    fn newWindow(self: *App, parent: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
         // If we have a parent, the surface logic handles it.
         if (parent) |surface| {
             try surface.rt_surface.newWindow();
@@ -507,6 +507,232 @@ pub const App = struct {
 
         func(null, .{});
     }
+
+    fn toggleFullscreen(
+        self: *App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        fullscreen: apprt.action.Fullscreen,
+    ) void {
+        const func = self.opts.toggle_fullscreen orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not toggle_fullscreen", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => {},
+            .surface => |v| func(
+                v.rt_surface.userdata,
+                switch (fullscreen) {
+                    .native => .false,
+                    .macos_non_native => .true,
+                    .macos_non_native_visible_menu => .@"visible-menu",
+                },
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn newTab(self: *const App, target: apprt.Target) void {
+        const func = self.opts.new_tab orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support new_tab", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => func(null, .{}),
+            .surface => |v| func(
+                v.rt_surface.userdata,
+                v.rt_surface.newSurfaceOptions(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn gotoTab(self: *App, target: apprt.Target, tab: apprt.action.GotoTab) void {
+        const func = self.opts.goto_tab orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support goto_tab", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => {},
+            .surface => |v| func(v.rt_surface.userdata, tab),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn newSplit(
+        self: *const App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        direction: apprt.action.SplitDirection,
+    ) void {
+        const func = self.opts.new_split orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support splits", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => func(null, direction, .{}),
+            .surface => |v| func(
+                v.rt_surface.userdata,
+                direction,
+                v.rt_surface.newSurfaceOptions(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn gotoSplit(
+        self: *const App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        direction: apprt.action.GotoSplit,
+    ) void {
+        const func = self.opts.focus_split orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support focus split", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => {},
+            .surface => |v| func(v.rt_surface.userdata, direction),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resizeSplit(
+        self: *const App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        resize: apprt.action.ResizeSplit,
+    ) void {
+        const func = self.opts.resize_split orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support resize split", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => {},
+            .surface => |v| func(
+                v.rt_surface.userdata,
+                resize.direction,
+                resize.amount,
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn equalizeSplits(self: *const App, target: apprt.Target) void {
+        const func = self.opts.equalize_splits orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support equalize splits", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => func(null),
+            .surface => |v| func(v.rt_surface.userdata),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn toggleSplitZoom(self: *const App, target: apprt.Target) void {
+        const func = self.opts.toggle_split_zoom orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support split zoom", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => func(null),
+            .surface => |v| func(v.rt_surface.userdata),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn controlInspector(
+        self: *const App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        value: apprt.action.Inspector,
+    ) void {
+        const func = self.opts.control_inspector orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support the terminal inspector", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        switch (target) {
+            .app => {},
+            .surface => |v| func(v.rt_surface.userdata, value),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn showDesktopNotification(
+        self: *const App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        notification: apprt.action.DesktopNotification,
+    ) void {
+        const func = self.opts.show_desktop_notification orelse {
+            log.info("runtime embedder does not support show_desktop_notification", .{});
+            return;
+        };
+
+        func(switch (target) {
+            .app => null,
+            .surface => |v| v.rt_surface.userdata,
+        }, notification.title, notification.body);
+    }
+
+    fn setPasswordInput(self: *App, target: apprt.Target, v: apprt.action.SecureInput) void {
+        switch (v) {
+            inline .on, .off => |tag| {
+                const func = self.opts.set_password_input orelse {
+                    log.info("runtime embedder does not support set_password_input", .{});
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                func(switch (target) {
+                    .app => null,
+                    .surface => |surface| surface.rt_surface.userdata,
+                }, switch (tag) {
+                    .on => true,
+                    .off => false,
+                    else => comptime unreachable,
+                });
+            },
+
+            .toggle => {
+                const func = self.opts.toggle_secure_input orelse {
+                    log.info("runtime embedder does not support toggle_secure_input", .{});
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                func();
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Perform a given action.
+    pub fn performAction(
+        self: *App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        comptime action: apprt.Action.Key,
+        value: apprt.Action.Value(action),
+    ) !void {
+        switch (action) {
+            .new_window => _ = try self.newWindow(switch (target) {
+                .app => null,
+                .surface => |v| v,
+            }),
+            .toggle_fullscreen => self.toggleFullscreen(target, value),
+
+            .new_tab => self.newTab(target),
+            .goto_tab => self.gotoTab(target, value),
+            .new_split => self.newSplit(target, value),
+            .resize_split => self.resizeSplit(target, value),
+            .equalize_splits => self.equalizeSplits(target),
+            .toggle_split_zoom => self.toggleSplitZoom(target),
+            .goto_split => self.gotoSplit(target, value),
+            .open_config => try configpkg.edit.open(self.core_app.alloc),
+            .inspector => self.controlInspector(target, value),
+            .desktop_notification => self.showDesktopNotification(target, value),
+            .secure_input => self.setPasswordInput(target, value),
+
+            // Unimplemented
+            .present_terminal,
+            .close_all_windows,
+            .toggle_window_decorations,
+            .quit_timer,
+            => log.warn("unimplemented action={}", .{action}),
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 /// Platform-specific configuration for libghostty.
@@ -723,25 +949,6 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn controlInspector(self: *const Surface, mode: input.InspectorMode) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.control_inspector orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support the terminal inspector", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, mode);
-    }
-
-    pub fn newSplit(self: *const Surface, direction: apprt.SplitDirection) !void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.new_split orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support splits", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        const options = self.newSurfaceOptions();
-        func(self.userdata, direction, options);
-    }
-
     pub fn close(self: *const Surface, process_alive: bool) void {
         const func = self.app.opts.close_surface orelse {
             log.info("runtime embedder does not support closing a surface", .{});
@@ -751,42 +958,6 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
         func(self.userdata, process_alive);
     }
 
-    pub fn gotoSplit(self: *const Surface, direction: input.SplitFocusDirection) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.focus_split orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support focus split", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, direction);
-    }
-
-    pub fn resizeSplit(self: *const Surface, direction: input.SplitResizeDirection, amount: u16) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.resize_split orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support resize split", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, direction, amount);
-    }
-
-    pub fn equalizeSplits(self: *const Surface) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.equalize_splits orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support equalize splits", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata);
-    }
-
-    pub fn toggleSplitZoom(self: *const Surface) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.toggle_split_zoom orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support split zoom", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata);
-    }
-
     pub fn getContentScale(self: *const Surface) !apprt.ContentScale {
         return self.content_scale;
     }
@@ -1065,53 +1236,7 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
         };
     }
 
-    pub fn gotoTab(self: *Surface, tab: apprt.GotoTab) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.goto_tab orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not goto_tab", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, tab);
-    }
-
-    pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *Surface, nonNativeFullscreen: configpkg.NonNativeFullscreen) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.toggle_fullscreen orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not toggle_fullscreen", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, nonNativeFullscreen);
-    }
-
-    pub fn toggleSecureInput(self: *Surface) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.toggle_secure_input orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not toggle_secure_input", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func();
-    }
-
-    pub fn setPasswordInput(self: *Surface, v: bool) void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.set_password_input orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not set_password_input", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, v);
-    }
-
-    pub fn newTab(self: *const Surface) !void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.new_tab orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support new_tab", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        const options = self.newSurfaceOptions();
-        func(self.userdata, options);
-    }
-
-    pub fn newWindow(self: *const Surface) !void {
+    fn newWindow(self: *const Surface) !void {
         const func = self.app.opts.new_window orelse {
             log.info("runtime embedder does not support new_window", .{});
             return;
@@ -1166,20 +1291,6 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
         return .{ .x = pos.x * scale.x, .y = pos.y * scale.y };
     }
 
-    /// Show a desktop notification.
-    pub fn showDesktopNotification(
-        self: *const Surface,
-        title: [:0]const u8,
-        body: [:0]const u8,
-    ) !void {
-        const func = self.app.opts.show_desktop_notification orelse {
-            log.info("runtime embedder does not support show_desktop_notification", .{});
-            return;
-        };
-
-        func(self.userdata, title, body);
-    }
-
     /// Update the health of the renderer.
     pub fn updateRendererHealth(self: *const Surface, health: renderer.Health) void {
         const func = self.app.opts.update_renderer_health orelse {
@@ -1573,7 +1684,7 @@ pub const CAPI = struct {
 
     /// Open the configuration.
     export fn ghostty_app_open_config(v: *App) void {
-        _ = v.core_app.openConfig(v) catch |err| {
+        v.performAction(.app, .open_config, {}) catch |err| {
             log.err("error reloading config err={}", .{err});
             return;
         };
@@ -1864,26 +1975,61 @@ pub const CAPI = struct {
     }
 
     /// Request that the surface split in the given direction.
-    export fn ghostty_surface_split(ptr: *Surface, direction: apprt.SplitDirection) void {
-        ptr.newSplit(direction) catch {};
+    export fn ghostty_surface_split(ptr: *Surface, direction: apprt.action.SplitDirection) void {
+        ptr.app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = &ptr.core_surface },
+            .new_split,
+            direction,
+        ) catch |err| {
+            log.err("error creating new split err={}", .{err});
+            return;
+        };
     }
 
     /// Focus on the next split (if any).
-    export fn ghostty_surface_split_focus(ptr: *Surface, direction: input.SplitFocusDirection) void {
-        ptr.gotoSplit(direction);
+    export fn ghostty_surface_split_focus(
+        ptr: *Surface,
+        direction: apprt.action.GotoSplit,
+    ) void {
+        ptr.app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = &ptr.core_surface },
+            .goto_split,
+            direction,
+        ) catch |err| {
+            log.err("error creating new split err={}", .{err});
+            return;
+        };
     }
 
     /// Resize the current split by moving the split divider in the given
     /// direction. `direction` specifies which direction the split divider will
     /// move relative to the focused split. `amount` is a fractional value
     /// between 0 and 1 that specifies by how much the divider will move.
-    export fn ghostty_surface_split_resize(ptr: *Surface, direction: input.SplitResizeDirection, amount: u16) void {
-        ptr.resizeSplit(direction, amount);
+    export fn ghostty_surface_split_resize(
+        ptr: *Surface,
+        direction: apprt.action.ResizeSplit.Direction,
+        amount: u16,
+    ) void {
+        ptr.app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = &ptr.core_surface },
+            .resize_split,
+            .{ .direction = direction, .amount = amount },
+        ) catch |err| {
+            log.err("error resizing split err={}", .{err});
+            return;
+        };
     }
 
     /// Equalize the size of all splits in the current window.
     export fn ghostty_surface_split_equalize(ptr: *Surface) void {
-        ptr.equalizeSplits();
+        ptr.app.performAction(
+            .{ .surface = &ptr.core_surface },
+            .equalize_splits,
+            {},
+        ) catch |err| {
+            log.err("error equalizing splits err={}", .{err});
+            return;
+        };
     }
 
     /// Invoke an action on the surface.
diff --git a/src/apprt/glfw.zig b/src/apprt/glfw.zig
index 57cb257b4..b73aefced 100644
--- a/src/apprt/glfw.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/glfw.zig
@@ -127,9 +127,46 @@ pub const App = struct {
         glfw.postEmptyEvent();
     }
 
-    /// Open the configuration in the system editor.
-    pub fn openConfig(self: *App) !void {
-        try configpkg.edit.open(self.app.alloc);
+    /// Perform a given action.
+    pub fn performAction(
+        self: *App,
+        target: apprt.Target,
+        comptime action: apprt.Action.Key,
+        value: apprt.Action.Value(action),
+    ) !void {
+        _ = value;
+
+        switch (action) {
+            .new_window => _ = try self.newSurface(switch (target) {
+                .app => null,
+                .surface => |v| v,
+            }),
+
+            .new_tab => try self.newTab(switch (target) {
+                .app => null,
+                .surface => |v| v,
+            }),
+
+            .toggle_fullscreen => self.toggleFullscreen(target),
+
+            .open_config => try configpkg.edit.open(self.app.alloc),
+
+            // Unimplemented
+            .new_split,
+            .goto_split,
+            .resize_split,
+            .equalize_splits,
+            .toggle_split_zoom,
+            .present_terminal,
+            .close_all_windows,
+            .toggle_window_decorations,
+            .goto_tab,
+            .inspector,
+            .quit_timer,
+            .secure_input,
+            .desktop_notification,
+            => log.info("unimplemented action={}", .{action}),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Reload the configuration. This should return the new configuration.
@@ -150,8 +187,12 @@ pub const App = struct {
     }
 
     /// Toggle the window to fullscreen mode.
-    pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *App, surface: *Surface) void {
+    fn toggleFullscreen(self: *App, target: apprt.Target) void {
         _ = self;
+        const surface: *Surface = switch (target) {
+            .app => return,
+            .surface => |v| v.rt_surface,
+        };
         const win = surface.window;
 
         if (surface.isFullscreen()) {
@@ -195,18 +236,18 @@ pub const App = struct {
         win.setMonitor(monitor, 0, 0, video_mode.getWidth(), video_mode.getHeight(), 0);
     }
 
-    /// Create a new window for the app.
-    pub fn newWindow(self: *App, parent_: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
-        _ = try self.newSurface(parent_);
-    }
-
     /// Create a new tab in the parent surface.
-    fn newTab(self: *App, parent: *CoreSurface) !void {
+    fn newTab(self: *App, parent_: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
         if (!Darwin.enabled) {
             log.warn("tabbing is not supported on this platform", .{});
             return;
         }
 
+        const parent = parent_ orelse {
+            _ = try self.newSurface(null);
+            return;
+        };
+
         // Create the new window
         const window = try self.newSurface(parent);
 
@@ -370,7 +411,6 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
     /// Initialize the surface into the given self pointer. This gives a
     /// stable pointer to the destination that can be used for callbacks.
     pub fn init(self: *Surface, app: *App) !void {
-
         // Create our window
         const win = glfw.Window.create(
             640,
@@ -525,20 +565,11 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create a new tab in the window containing this surface.
-    pub fn newTab(self: *Surface) !void {
-        try self.app.newTab(&self.core_surface);
-    }
-
     /// Checks if the glfw window is in fullscreen.
     pub fn isFullscreen(self: *Surface) bool {
         return self.window.getMonitor() != null;
     }
 
-    pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *Surface, _: Config.NonNativeFullscreen) void {
-        self.app.toggleFullscreen(self);
-    }
-
     /// Close this surface.
     pub fn close(self: *Surface, processActive: bool) void {
         _ = processActive;
@@ -683,6 +714,23 @@ pub const Surface = struct {
         self.window.setInputModeCursor(if (visible) .normal else .hidden);
     }
 
+    pub fn updateRendererHealth(self: *const Surface, health: renderer.Health) void {
+        // We don't support this in GLFW.
+        _ = self;
+        _ = health;
+    }
+
+    pub fn supportsClipboard(
+        self: *const Surface,
+        clipboard_type: apprt.Clipboard,
+    ) bool {
+        _ = self;
+        return switch (clipboard_type) {
+            .standard => true,
+            .selection, .primary => comptime builtin.os.tag == .linux,
+        };
+    }
+
     /// Start an async clipboard request.
     pub fn clipboardRequest(
         self: *Surface,
diff --git a/src/apprt/gtk/App.zig b/src/apprt/gtk/App.zig
index 73c25ec87..1d97731fa 100644
--- a/src/apprt/gtk/App.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/gtk/App.zig
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const Surface = @import("Surface.zig");
 const Window = @import("Window.zig");
 const ConfigErrorsWindow = @import("ConfigErrorsWindow.zig");
 const ClipboardConfirmationWindow = @import("ClipboardConfirmationWindow.zig");
+const Split = @import("Split.zig");
 const c = @import("c.zig").c;
 const inspector = @import("inspector.zig");
 const key = @import("key.zig");
@@ -341,9 +342,249 @@ pub fn terminate(self: *App) void {
     self.config.deinit();
 }
 
-/// Open the configuration in the system editor.
-pub fn openConfig(self: *App) !void {
-    try configpkg.edit.open(self.core_app.alloc);
+/// Perform a given action.
+pub fn performAction(
+    self: *App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    comptime action: apprt.Action.Key,
+    value: apprt.Action.Value(action),
+) !void {
+    switch (action) {
+        .new_window => _ = try self.newWindow(switch (target) {
+            .app => null,
+            .surface => |v| v,
+        }),
+        .toggle_fullscreen => self.toggleFullscreen(target, value),
+
+        .new_tab => try self.newTab(target),
+        .goto_tab => self.gotoTab(target, value),
+        .new_split => try self.newSplit(target, value),
+        .resize_split => self.resizeSplit(target, value),
+        .equalize_splits => self.equalizeSplits(target),
+        .goto_split => self.gotoSplit(target, value),
+        .open_config => try configpkg.edit.open(self.core_app.alloc),
+        .inspector => self.controlInspector(target, value),
+        .desktop_notification => self.showDesktopNotification(target, value),
+        .present_terminal => self.presentTerminal(target),
+        .toggle_window_decorations => self.toggleWindowDecorations(target),
+        .quit_timer => self.quitTimer(value),
+
+        // Unimplemented
+        .close_all_windows,
+        .toggle_split_zoom,
+        .secure_input,
+        => log.warn("unimplemented action={}", .{action}),
+    }
+}
+
+fn newTab(_: *App, target: apprt.Target) !void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const window = v.rt_surface.container.window() orelse {
+                log.info(
+                    "new_tab invalid for container={s}",
+                    .{@tagName(v.rt_surface.container)},
+                );
+                return;
+            };
+
+            try window.newTab(v);
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn gotoTab(_: *App, target: apprt.Target, tab: apprt.action.GotoTab) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const window = v.rt_surface.container.window() orelse {
+                log.info(
+                    "gotoTab invalid for container={s}",
+                    .{@tagName(v.rt_surface.container)},
+                );
+                return;
+            };
+
+            switch (tab) {
+                .previous => window.gotoPreviousTab(v.rt_surface),
+                .next => window.gotoNextTab(v.rt_surface),
+                .last => window.gotoLastTab(),
+                else => window.gotoTab(@intCast(@intFromEnum(tab))),
+            }
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn newSplit(
+    self: *App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    direction: apprt.action.SplitDirection,
+) !void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const alloc = self.core_app.alloc;
+            _ = try Split.create(alloc, v.rt_surface, direction);
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn equalizeSplits(_: *App, target: apprt.Target) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const tab = v.rt_surface.container.tab() orelse return;
+            const top_split = switch (tab.elem) {
+                .split => |s| s,
+                else => return,
+            };
+            _ = top_split.equalize();
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn gotoSplit(
+    _: *const App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    direction: apprt.action.GotoSplit,
+) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const s = v.rt_surface.container.split() orelse return;
+            const map = s.directionMap(switch (v.rt_surface.container) {
+                .split_tl => .top_left,
+                .split_br => .bottom_right,
+                .none, .tab_ => unreachable,
+            });
+            const surface_ = map.get(direction) orelse return;
+            if (surface_) |surface| surface.grabFocus();
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn resizeSplit(
+    _: *const App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    resize: apprt.action.ResizeSplit,
+) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const s = v.rt_surface.container.firstSplitWithOrientation(
+                Split.Orientation.fromResizeDirection(resize.direction),
+            ) orelse return;
+            s.moveDivider(resize.direction, resize.amount);
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn presentTerminal(
+    _: *const App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| v.rt_surface.present(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn controlInspector(
+    _: *const App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    mode: apprt.action.Inspector,
+) void {
+    const surface: *Surface = switch (target) {
+        .app => return,
+        .surface => |v| v.rt_surface,
+    };
+
+    surface.controlInspector(mode);
+}
+
+fn toggleFullscreen(
+    _: *App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    _: apprt.action.Fullscreen,
+) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const window = v.rt_surface.container.window() orelse {
+                log.info(
+                    "toggleFullscreen invalid for container={s}",
+                    .{@tagName(v.rt_surface.container)},
+                );
+                return;
+            };
+
+            window.toggleFullscreen();
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn toggleWindowDecorations(
+    _: *App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+) void {
+    switch (target) {
+        .app => {},
+        .surface => |v| {
+            const window = v.rt_surface.container.window() orelse {
+                log.info(
+                    "toggleFullscreen invalid for container={s}",
+                    .{@tagName(v.rt_surface.container)},
+                );
+                return;
+            };
+
+            window.toggleWindowDecorations();
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn quitTimer(self: *App, mode: apprt.action.QuitTimer) void {
+    switch (mode) {
+        .start => self.startQuitTimer(),
+        .stop => self.stopQuitTimer(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn showDesktopNotification(
+    self: *App,
+    target: apprt.Target,
+    n: apprt.action.DesktopNotification,
+) void {
+    // Set a default title if we don't already have one
+    const t = switch (n.title.len) {
+        0 => "Ghostty",
+        else => n.title,
+    };
+
+    const notification = c.g_notification_new(t.ptr);
+    defer c.g_object_unref(notification);
+    c.g_notification_set_body(notification, n.body.ptr);
+
+    const icon = c.g_themed_icon_new("com.mitchellh.ghostty");
+    defer c.g_object_unref(icon);
+    c.g_notification_set_icon(notification, icon);
+
+    const pointer = c.g_variant_new_uint64(switch (target) {
+        .app => 0,
+        .surface => |v| @intFromPtr(v),
+    });
+    c.g_notification_set_default_action_and_target_value(
+        notification,
+        "app.present-surface",
+        pointer,
+    );
+
+    const g_app: *c.GApplication = @ptrCast(self.app);
+
+    // We set the notification ID to the body content. If the content is the
+    // same, this notification may replace a previous notification
+    c.g_application_send_notification(g_app, n.body.ptr, notification);
 }
 
 /// Reload the configuration. This should return the new configuration.
@@ -565,9 +806,9 @@ pub fn gtkQuitTimerExpired(ud: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.C) c.gboolean {
 }
 
 /// This will get called when there are no more open surfaces.
-pub fn startQuitTimer(self: *App) void {
+fn startQuitTimer(self: *App) void {
     // Cancel any previous timer.
-    self.cancelQuitTimer();
+    self.stopQuitTimer();
 
     // This is a no-op unless we are configured to quit after last window is closed.
     if (!self.config.@"quit-after-last-window-closed") return;
@@ -582,7 +823,7 @@ pub fn startQuitTimer(self: *App) void {
 }
 
 /// This will get called when a new surface gets opened.
-pub fn cancelQuitTimer(self: *App) void {
+fn stopQuitTimer(self: *App) void {
     switch (self.quit_timer) {
         .off => {},
         .expired => self.quit_timer = .{ .off = {} },
@@ -608,7 +849,7 @@ pub fn redrawInspector(self: *App, surface: *Surface) void {
 }
 
 /// Called by CoreApp to create a new window with a new surface.
-pub fn newWindow(self: *App, parent_: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
+fn newWindow(self: *App, parent_: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
     const alloc = self.core_app.alloc;
 
     // Allocate a fixed pointer for our window. We try to minimize
@@ -857,8 +1098,12 @@ fn gtkActionPresentSurface(
         return;
     }
 
-    // Convert that u64 to pointer to a core surface.
-    const surface: *CoreSurface = @ptrFromInt(c.g_variant_get_uint64(parameter));
+    // Convert that u64 to pointer to a core surface. A value of zero
+    // means that there was no target surface for the notification so
+    // we dont' focus any surface.
+    const ptr_int: u64 = c.g_variant_get_uint64(parameter);
+    if (ptr_int == 0) return;
+    const surface: *CoreSurface = @ptrFromInt(ptr_int);
 
     // Send a message through the core app mailbox rather than presenting the
     // surface directly so that it can validate that the surface pointer is
diff --git a/src/apprt/gtk/Split.zig b/src/apprt/gtk/Split.zig
index 105646c7c..7a3645d1b 100644
--- a/src/apprt/gtk/Split.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/gtk/Split.zig
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const apprt = @import("../../apprt.zig");
 const font = @import("../../font/main.zig");
-const input = @import("../../input.zig");
 const CoreSurface = @import("../../Surface.zig");
 
 const Surface = @import("Surface.zig");
@@ -21,14 +20,14 @@ pub const Orientation = enum {
     horizontal,
     vertical,
 
-    pub fn fromDirection(direction: apprt.SplitDirection) Orientation {
+    pub fn fromDirection(direction: apprt.action.SplitDirection) Orientation {
         return switch (direction) {
             .right => .horizontal,
             .down => .vertical,
         };
     }
 
-    pub fn fromResizeDirection(direction: input.SplitResizeDirection) Orientation {
+    pub fn fromResizeDirection(direction: apprt.action.ResizeSplit.Direction) Orientation {
         return switch (direction) {
             .up, .down => .vertical,
             .left, .right => .horizontal,
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ bottom_right: Surface.Container.Elem,
 pub fn create(
     alloc: Allocator,
     sibling: *Surface,
-    direction: apprt.SplitDirection,
+    direction: apprt.action.SplitDirection,
 ) !*Split {
     var split = try alloc.create(Split);
     errdefer alloc.destroy(split);
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ pub fn create(
 pub fn init(
     self: *Split,
     sibling: *Surface,
-    direction: apprt.SplitDirection,
+    direction: apprt.action.SplitDirection,
 ) !void {
     // Create the new child surface for the other direction.
     const alloc = sibling.app.core_app.alloc;
@@ -164,7 +163,11 @@ fn removeChild(
 }
 
 /// Move the divider in the given direction by the given amount.
-pub fn moveDivider(self: *Split, direction: input.SplitResizeDirection, amount: u16) void {
+pub fn moveDivider(
+    self: *Split,
+    direction: apprt.action.ResizeSplit.Direction,
+    amount: u16,
+) void {
     const min_pos = 10;
 
     const pos = c.gtk_paned_get_position(self.paned);
@@ -263,7 +266,7 @@ fn updateChildren(self: *const Split) void {
 
 /// A mapping of direction to the element (if any) in that direction.
 pub const DirectionMap = std.EnumMap(
-    input.SplitFocusDirection,
+    apprt.action.GotoSplit,
     ?*Surface,
 );
 
diff --git a/src/apprt/gtk/Surface.zig b/src/apprt/gtk/Surface.zig
index c1146d348..054eb675d 100644
--- a/src/apprt/gtk/Surface.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/gtk/Surface.zig
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const configpkg = @import("../../config.zig");
 const apprt = @import("../../apprt.zig");
 const font = @import("../../font/main.zig");
 const input = @import("../../input.zig");
+const renderer = @import("../../renderer.zig");
 const terminal = @import("../../terminal/main.zig");
 const CoreSurface = @import("../../Surface.zig");
 const internal_os = @import("../../os/main.zig");
@@ -688,7 +689,10 @@ pub fn close(self: *Surface, processActive: bool) void {
     c.gtk_widget_show(alert);
 }
 
-pub fn controlInspector(self: *Surface, mode: input.InspectorMode) void {
+pub fn controlInspector(
+    self: *Surface,
+    mode: apprt.action.Inspector,
+) void {
     const show = switch (mode) {
         .toggle => self.inspector == null,
         .show => true,
@@ -715,30 +719,6 @@ pub fn controlInspector(self: *Surface, mode: input.InspectorMode) void {
     };
 }
 
-pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *Surface, mac_non_native: configpkg.NonNativeFullscreen) void {
-    const window = self.container.window() orelse {
-        log.info(
-            "toggleFullscreen invalid for container={s}",
-            .{@tagName(self.container)},
-        );
-        return;
-    };
-
-    window.toggleFullscreen(mac_non_native);
-}
-
-pub fn toggleWindowDecorations(self: *Surface) void {
-    const window = self.container.window() orelse {
-        log.info(
-            "toggleWindowDecorations invalid for container={s}",
-            .{@tagName(self.container)},
-        );
-        return;
-    };
-
-    window.toggleWindowDecorations();
-}
-
 pub fn getTitleLabel(self: *Surface) ?*c.GtkWidget {
     switch (self.title) {
         .none => return null,
@@ -749,69 +729,6 @@ pub fn getTitleLabel(self: *Surface) ?*c.GtkWidget {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn newSplit(self: *Surface, direction: apprt.SplitDirection) !void {
-    const alloc = self.app.core_app.alloc;
-    _ = try Split.create(alloc, self, direction);
-}
-
-pub fn gotoSplit(self: *const Surface, direction: input.SplitFocusDirection) void {
-    const s = self.container.split() orelse return;
-    const map = s.directionMap(switch (self.container) {
-        .split_tl => .top_left,
-        .split_br => .bottom_right,
-        .none, .tab_ => unreachable,
-    });
-    const surface_ = map.get(direction) orelse return;
-    if (surface_) |surface| surface.grabFocus();
-}
-
-pub fn resizeSplit(self: *const Surface, direction: input.SplitResizeDirection, amount: u16) void {
-    const s = self.container.firstSplitWithOrientation(
-        Split.Orientation.fromResizeDirection(direction),
-    ) orelse return;
-    s.moveDivider(direction, amount);
-}
-
-pub fn equalizeSplits(self: *const Surface) void {
-    const tab = self.container.tab() orelse return;
-    const top_split = switch (tab.elem) {
-        .split => |s| s,
-        else => return,
-    };
-    _ = top_split.equalize();
-}
-
-pub fn newTab(self: *Surface) !void {
-    const window = self.container.window() orelse {
-        log.info("surface cannot create new tab when not attached to a window", .{});
-        return;
-    };
-
-    try window.newTab(&self.core_surface);
-}
-
-pub fn hasTabs(self: *const Surface) bool {
-    const window = self.container.window() orelse return false;
-    return window.hasTabs();
-}
-
-pub fn gotoTab(self: *Surface, tab: apprt.GotoTab) void {
-    const window = self.container.window() orelse {
-        log.info(
-            "gotoTab invalid for container={s}",
-            .{@tagName(self.container)},
-        );
-        return;
-    };
-
-    switch (tab) {
-        .previous => window.gotoPreviousTab(self),
-        .next => window.gotoNextTab(self),
-        .last => window.gotoLastTab(),
-        else => window.gotoTab(@intCast(@intFromEnum(tab))),
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn setShouldClose(self: *Surface) void {
     _ = self;
 }
@@ -1026,6 +943,19 @@ pub fn mouseOverLink(self: *Surface, uri_: ?[]const u8) void {
     self.url_widget = URLWidget.init(self, uriZ);
 }
 
+pub fn supportsClipboard(
+    self: *const Surface,
+    clipboard_type: apprt.Clipboard,
+) bool {
+    _ = self;
+    return switch (clipboard_type) {
+        .standard,
+        .selection,
+        .primary,
+        => true,
+    };
+}
+
 pub fn clipboardRequest(
     self: *Surface,
     clipboard_type: apprt.Clipboard,
@@ -1980,7 +1910,7 @@ fn translateMods(state: c.GdkModifierType) input.Mods {
     return mods;
 }
 
-pub fn presentSurface(self: *Surface) void {
+pub fn present(self: *Surface) void {
     if (self.container.window()) |window| {
         if (self.container.tab()) |tab| {
             if (window.notebook.getTabPosition(tab)) |position|
@@ -1988,5 +1918,12 @@ pub fn presentSurface(self: *Surface) void {
         }
         c.gtk_window_present(window.window);
     }
+
     self.grabFocus();
 }
+
+pub fn updateRendererHealth(self: *const Surface, health: renderer.Health) void {
+    // We don't support this in GTK.
+    _ = self;
+    _ = health;
+}
diff --git a/src/apprt/gtk/Window.zig b/src/apprt/gtk/Window.zig
index efb0d2ea4..80bbd0944 100644
--- a/src/apprt/gtk/Window.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/gtk/Window.zig
@@ -421,11 +421,6 @@ pub fn closeTab(self: *Window, tab: *Tab) void {
     self.notebook.closeTab(tab);
 }
 
-/// Returns true if this window has any tabs.
-pub fn hasTabs(self: *const Window) bool {
-    return self.notebook.nPages() > 0;
-}
-
 /// Go to the previous tab for a surface.
 pub fn gotoPreviousTab(self: *Window, surface: *Surface) void {
     const tab = surface.container.tab() orelse {
@@ -464,7 +459,7 @@ pub fn gotoTab(self: *Window, n: usize) void {
 }
 
 /// Toggle fullscreen for this window.
-pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *Window, _: configpkg.NonNativeFullscreen) void {
+pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *Window) void {
     const is_fullscreen = c.gtk_window_is_fullscreen(self.window);
     if (is_fullscreen == 0) {
         c.gtk_window_fullscreen(self.window);
diff --git a/src/apprt/structs.zig b/src/apprt/structs.zig
index 1e14b1b7c..f8bcd72cf 100644
--- a/src/apprt/structs.zig
+++ b/src/apprt/structs.zig
@@ -62,23 +62,6 @@ pub const DesktopNotification = struct {
     body: []const u8,
 };
 
-/// The tab to jump to. This is non-exhaustive so that integer values represent
-/// the index (zero-based) of the tab to jump to. Negative values are special
-/// values.
-pub const GotoTab = enum(c_int) {
-    previous = -1,
-    next = -2,
-    last = -3,
-    _,
-};
-
-// This is made extern (c_int) to make interop easier with our embedded
-// runtime. The small size cost doesn't make a difference in our union.
-pub const SplitDirection = enum(c_int) {
-    right,
-    down,
-};
-
 /// The color scheme in use (light vs dark).
 pub const ColorScheme = enum(u2) {
     light = 0,
diff --git a/src/input/Binding.zig b/src/input/Binding.zig
index 8f129065d..45ec24126 100644
--- a/src/input/Binding.zig
+++ b/src/input/Binding.zig
@@ -410,8 +410,7 @@ pub const Action = union(enum) {
         // Note: we don't support top or left yet
     };
 
-    // Extern because it is used in the embedded runtime ABI.
-    pub const SplitFocusDirection = enum(c_int) {
+    pub const SplitFocusDirection = enum {
         previous,
         next,
 
@@ -421,8 +420,7 @@ pub const Action = union(enum) {
         right,
     };
 
-    // Extern because it is used in the embedded runtime ABI.
-    pub const SplitResizeDirection = enum(c_int) {
+    pub const SplitResizeDirection = enum {
         up,
         down,
         left,
@@ -440,7 +438,7 @@ pub const Action = union(enum) {
     };
 
     // Extern because it is used in the embedded runtime ABI.
-    pub const InspectorMode = enum(c_int) {
+    pub const InspectorMode = enum {
         toggle,
         show,
         hide,